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MAGNOLIA is a data set of a magneto-elastic system composed of a clamped beam interacting with a permanent magnet in a mono-stable configuration with hardening behavior in healthy and damaged states. This experiment was conducted at the SHM Lab from UNESP Ilha Solteira.

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MAGNOLIA: MAGNetO-eLastIc beAm

To download the data set of a magneto-elastic system composed of a clamped beam interacting with a permanent magnet in a mono-stable configuration with hardening behavior:

https://forms.gle/o8XTcQZe5BiNo9PU7


Description

The current structure consists of a magneto-elastic system composed of a clamped beam interacting with a permanent magnet in mono-stable configurations with hardening behavior. The experimental setup is composed of a cantilever aluminum beam with 300 mm x 19 mm x 3.2 mm. The structure has a small steel mass attached to the free end of the beam and a neodymium magnet with a 2 mm gap to the mass.

A small bolt with four masses (nuts) was placed in the middle of the beam to simulate small structural variations. Each mass has 2 grams.

The equipment, sensors, and actuators used for the experimental tests are:

  • Modal Shop Shaker 2004E
  • Polytec OFV-525/-5000-S modular laser vibrometer
  • Dytran load cell model 1022V (IEPE force sensor)
  • Three PCB IEPE Accelerometers
  • m+p VibPilot acquisition system

  • The shaker was attached 50 mm distant from the clamp. Velocity was measured through the laser vibrometer in the free end of the beam. Three accelerometers were placed in: the driving point, the position of the bolt and the four masses, and in the free end of the beam.

    Each experiment generated a mat file with the variables recorded during the modal tests. Table 1 shows the variables included in each file with the respective description.

    Four different input signals were used to characterize the baseline condition of the structure ("healthy" state): chirp, random noise, sine, and stepped sine excitation:

  • Chirp input from 20 to 50 Hz, with 4096 samples and input levels of: 0.01, 0.09, 0.10, 0.11, 0.12, 0.13, 0.14 and 0.15 V. Each test was repeated 50 times in order to check repeatability
  • Random noise input band-pass filtered from 10 to 420 Hz, with 4096 samples and input levels of: 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.11, 0.12, 0.13, 0.14 and 0.15 VRMS. Each test was repeated 50 times in order to check repeatability
  • Sine input with a frequency of 20.5 Hz, with 81920 samples and input levels of: 0.01, 0.09, 0.10, 0.11, 0.12, 0.13, 0.14 and 0.15 V
  • Stepped sine input from 10 to 40 Hz with steps of 0.5 Hz and total duration of 249856 samples using input levels of: 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.11, 0.12, 0.13, 0.14 and 0.15 V

  • The description of the files of these experiments is presented in Table 2. The character "0pXY" denotes Volts' input level, where "XY" represents the digits after the floating-point.

    The masses were gradually removed from a total of 4 masses to simulate a structural variation. Table 3 shows the structural states simulated in the system, while the figure below exhibits a view of the bolt and nuts in the magneto-elastic system.

    For the damage detection, only two signals were used to excite the nonlinear beam:

  • Chirp input from 20 to 50 Hz, with 4096 samples and input levels of: 0.01, 0.09, 0.10, 0.11, 0.12, 0.13, 0.14 and 0.15 V. Each test was repeated 50 times in order to check repeatability

  • Random noise input band-pass filtered from 10 to 420 Hz, with 4096 samples and input levels of: 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.11, 0.12, 0.13, 0.14 and 0.15 VRMS. Each test was repeated 50 times in order to check repeatability

  • The description of the files of these experiments is presented in Table 4. The character "0pXY" denotes Volts' input level, where "XY" represents the digits after the floating-point.


    Authors

  • Sidney Bruce Shiki
  • Samuel da Silva

  • How to cite

    The data are still available for non-commercial research under the following terms: (i) the SHM Lab at UNESP/Ilha Solteira should be acknowledged as the source of the data; (ii) in publications, relevant publications by members of the SHM Lab at UNESP/Ilha Solteira should be cited; (iii) this benchmark should be cited as UNESP-MAGNOLIA.

    This dataset was used in these papers:

  • Villani, Luis G.G. , da Silva, Samuel, Cunha, Americo, Todd, Michael D. Damage detection in an uncertain nonlinear beam based on stochastic Volterra series: An experimental application, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, Volume 128, Pages 463-478, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2019.03.045

  • Shiki, Sidney B.; da Silva, Samuel; TODD, Michael D. On the application of discrete-time Volterra series for the damage detection problem in initially nonlinear systems. Structural Health Monitoring, v. 16, n. 1, p. 62-78, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1475921716662142

  • Tahara, Lucas Zanovello, A study of the influence of nonlinear behavior on experimental modal analysis, M.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering; São Paulo State University, Ilha Solteira/SP, Brazil, 2019, http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183481

  • Shiki, Sidney Bruce. Application of Volterra series in nonlinear mechanical system identification and in structural health monitoring problems. PhD Thesis in Mechanical Engineering; São Paulo State University, Ilha Solteira/SP, Brazil, March 2016, http://hdl.handle.net/11449/137761,

  • If you are using a LaTeX Editor, you can cite the papers above using these BibTeX citations:

    @article{VILLANI2019463,
    title = "Damage detection in an uncertain nonlinear beam based on stochastic Volterra series: An experimental application",
    journal = "Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing",
    volume = "128",
    pages = "463 - 478",
    year = "2019",
    issn = "0888-3270",
    doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2019.03.045",
    url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0888327019302250",
    author = "Luis G.G. Villani and Samuel {da Silva} and Americo Cunha and Michael D. Todd",
    }
    
    @article{shiki2017application,
      title={On the application of discrete-time Volterra series for the damage detection problem in initially nonlinear systems},
      author={Shiki, Sidney B and da Silva, Samuel and Todd, Michael D},
      journal={Structural Health Monitoring},
      volume={16},
      number={1},
      pages={62--78},
      year={2017},
      publisher={SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England}
      url = "https://doi.org/10.1177/1475921716662142",
    }
    
    @mastersthesis{Tahara2019,
      title={A study of the influence of nonlinear behavior on experimental modal analysis},
      author={Tahara, Lucas Zanovello},
      year={2019},
        school ={Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)}
          note         = {M.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering}
      url = "http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183481",
    }
    
    @phdthesis{shiki2016application,
      title={Application of Volterra series in nonlinear mechanical system identification and in structural health monitoring problems},
      author={Shiki, Sidney Bruce},
      year={2016},
        school ={Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)}
          note         = {Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering}
      url = "http://hdl.handle.net/11449/137761",
    }
    

    License

    Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (CC-BY-NC-SA):

    A creative commons license that bans commercial use and requires you to release any modified works under this license.


    Funding

    São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), grant numbers 12/09135-3, 12/04757-6, 13/25148-0, and 15/03560-2, Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), and Brazilian Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)-Finance Code 001 funded this experimental setup.

    About

    MAGNOLIA is a data set of a magneto-elastic system composed of a clamped beam interacting with a permanent magnet in a mono-stable configuration with hardening behavior in healthy and damaged states. This experiment was conducted at the SHM Lab from UNESP Ilha Solteira.

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