Account Authentication Service

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Latest update: 2019/09/13

This document describes the Single Sign-On based on CAS, helps trainees quickly learn this project achieving agile development.

CentOS: OpenLDAP Installation and Configuration

The following commands require root access.

We need at least 4 servers to implement the LDAP service (2 as LDAP providers and 2 as LDAP consumers), so even if one or two server are down, the whole system can still function:

! If possible, make a LDAP provider and a consumer in the same LAN to improve access speed.
! However, different pair of LDAP servers should be located in different LAN to free from geographical impact.

Role	IP Address		OS
Role	Public IP	LAN IP	OS
master01.hexang.org	Private	Private	CentOS 7.4x86_64
master02.hexang.org	Private	Private	CentOS 7.4x86_64
slave01.hexang.org	Private	Private	CentOS 7.4x86_64
slave02.hexang.org	Private	Private	CentOS 7.4x86_64

LDAP Administrator	Permission	Password(provisional)
Main manager	readable, writable	Private
Secondary manager	readable	Private

OpenLDAP Tree Structure

The current organizational structure is relatively simple, each domain name level ou will create its own administrator due to privacy concerns:

OpenLADP User Information Collection

We use inetorgperson.ldif of schemas to collect the user information, the data we need to collect has been listed as follows:

Attribute	Type	Description
uid	char	Username.
cn	char	Name.
jpegPhoto	binary	Profile photo.
mail	char	Primary email address.
preferredLanguage	char	Preferred Language.

LDAP Synchronous Conditions

OpenLDAP's synchronization schema needs to satisfy the following 6 conditions:

Consistency of time clock

Install NTP
```
yum -y install ntp
```
To avoid errors between local time and server time, we should execute ntpdate at first.
```
ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com
```
Then customize the NTP service
```
vi /etc/ntp.conf
```
Add a line comment in server ntp xx iburst then append a new line of NTP server information:
```
server ntp1.aliyun.com iburst  # we use aliyun public network NTP server
```
Save the changes and start the NTP service:
```
systemctl start ntpd.service
```
Then configure the restart self-executing NTP service:
```
systemctl enable ntpd.service
```
Check whether configurations take effect or not:
```
ntpstat
```
Consistency of OpenLDAP versions

We currently install the version of 2.4.4.
Domain name bidirectional resolutions

Not set yet.
Consistency of initial master-slave and multi-master replication configuration

We will discuss this later.
Consistency of data entries

Just add the data after configuration.
Consistency of schemas

We will discuss this later.

Shell Scripts

I've uploaded executable Shell scripts here. You can easily configure it by executing the scripts:

Step 1: Both LDAP providers and consumers need to execute the following commands:

# Synchro time first, then activate SELinux
chmod +x NTP_and_SELinux.sh
./NTP_and_SELinux.sh 'the provider's IP' 'the corresponding consumer's IP'

Step 2: Settings for LDAP providers:

chmod +x Config_Replication.sh
./Config_Replication.sh 'Main manager's password' 'Server's id'

Step 3: Only one of LDAP providers needs to execute the following commands:

chmod +x Database_Replication.sh
./Database_Replication.sh 'Secondary manager's password'

Step4: Settings for LDAP consumers:

chmod +x Slave_Configuration.sh
./Slave_Configuration.sh 'corresponding provider's IP' 'Main manager's password' 'Secondary manager's password'

Firewall Rules

Inbound Rules

Source	Protocol port	Strategy	Description
0.0.0.0/0	TCP:22	permit	Allow Linux SSH login.
0.0.0.0/0	ICMP	permit	Support Ping services.
0.0.0.0/0	TCP:80	permit	Allow Web services HTTP(80).
0.0.0.0/0	TCP:443	permit	Allow Web services HTTP(443).
0.0.0.0/0	TCP:389	permit	Allow LDAP service.s
0.0.0.0/0	UDP:123	permit	Allow NTP services.

Outbound Rules

Source	Protocol port	Strategy	Description
0.0.0.0/0	ALL	permit	-

SELinux Settings

Activate SELinux:

sed -i '7s/^.*$/SELINUX=enforcing/' /etc/selinux/config

Restart the server to enable the SELinux configuration.

systemctl reboot

LDAP Basic Configuration

Step 1: install LDAP

Install all the relevant packages in case of missing something.

# migrationtools --Used to migrate system users and groups to LDAP.
yum install -y openldap openldap-* migrationtools policycoreutils-python

BerkeleyDB configuration and authorize to the LDAP user.

cp /usr/share/openldap-servers/DB_CONFIG.example /var/lib/ldap/DB_CONFIG # copy
chown ldap:ldap /var/lib/ldap/DB_CONFIG # Authorization

Activate the LDAP server.

systemctl enable slapd

Start the LDAP service:

systemctl start slapd

Error messages will be generated at this time，please run the following command to catch the error message:

audit2allow -al

Create a new SELinux rule for LDAP:

audit2allow -a -M ldap_rule

Activate this rule:

semodule -i ldap_rule.pp

Check if the rule was loaded successfully:

[root@VM_0_15_centos ~]# semodule -l | grep ldap_rule
ldap_rule       1.0

Restart the LDAP service:

systemctl start slapd

Check the running status of LDAP, the green mark indicates successful running:

systemctl status slapd

Check port usage. By default, LDAP uses port 389 to listen：

netstat -tlnp | grep slapd

Step 2: Configure the syslog

Firstly, create the log then authorize files:

touch /var/log/slapd.log
chown -R ldap. /var/log/slapd.log

Appending the file to the system log:

echo "local4.* /var/log/slapd.log" >> /etc/rsyslog.conf

Restart the system log to take effect:

systemctl restart rsyslog

Next, update the level of the LDAP log:

vim loglevel.ldif
===========================================================
dn: cn=config
changetype: modify
add: olcLogLevel
# Set the log level. Level 296 is the sum of 256(Log connection/operation/result), 32(Search filter processing) and 8(Connection management).
olcLogLevel: 296

Modify the LDAP configuration:

ldapmodify -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f loglevel.ldif

In addition, shard the log for error checking:

vi /etc/logrotate.d/ldap
===========================================================
/var/log/slapd.log {
        prerotate
                /usr/bin/chattr -a /var/log/slapd/slapd.log
        endscript
        compress
        delaycompress
        notifempty
        rotate 100
        size 10M
        postrotate
                /usr/bin/chattr +a /var/log/slapd/slapd.log
        endscript
}

Check the current log configuration:

[root@VM_0_15_centos ~]# cat /etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn\=config.ldif |grep olcLogLevel
olcLogLevel: 296

Step 3: Configure the Password of Main Manager

touch chrootpw.ldif # Create a file.
echo "dn: olcDatabase={0}config,cn=config" >> chrootpw.ldif 
echo "changetype: modify" >> chrootpw.ldif # Specify modification type.
echo "add: olcRootPW" >> chrootpw.ldif # Add the olcRootPW configuration item.
slappasswd -s w8JFUEWjAsHBwLjjcQrCYiPP | sed -e "s#{SSHA}#olcRootPW: {SSHA}#g" >> chrootpw.ldif # Append ciphertext password.

Execute the following command to take effect:

ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f chrootpw.ldif

Step 4: Import Schemas

The schema is in this path: /etc/openldap/schema/, I have written a script that can import all of the schemas:

vim import_schema.sh
===========================================================
all_files='ls /etc/openldap/schema/*.ldif'
for file in $all_files
do
  ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f $file
done

Step 5: Configure the Top-level Domain of LDAP

vim changedomain.ldif
===========================================================
dn: olcDatabase={1}monitor,cn=config
changetype: modify
replace: olcAccess
olcAccess: {0}to * by dn.base="gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth" read by dn.base="cn=admin,dc=hexang,dc=org" read by * none

dn: olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config
changetype: modify
replace: olcSuffix
olcSuffix: dc=hexang,dc=org

dn: olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config
changetype: modify
replace: olcRootDN
olcRootDN: cn=admin,dc=hexang,dc=org

dn: olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config
changetype: modify
replace: olcRootPW
olcRootPW: # The password generated in step 2，you can find it by execute 'cat chrootpw.ldif'

Execute the following command to take effect:

ldapmodify -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f changedomain.ldif

Multi-Master Replication Configuration

All LDAP providers must perform step 1 and step 2:

Step 1: Configure the Syncprov module

vi mod_syncprov.ldif
===========================================================
dn: cn=module,cn=config
objectClass: olcModuleList
cn: module
olcModulePath: /usr/lib64/openldap
olcModuleLoad: syncprov.la

Execute the following command to take effect:

ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f mod_syncprov.ldif

Step 2: Configure Mirror Replication

In this step please be aware of which server is configured:

olcServerID is a number to represent the server (1 or 2).

vi master.ldif
===========================================================
dn: cn=config
changetype: modify
add: olcServerID
olcServerID: 1 or 2

Execute the following command to take effect:

ldapmodify -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f master.ldif

Configuration mirror:

- "credentials" means main manager's unencrypted password.

vi configrep.ldif
===========================================================
dn: cn=config
changetype: modify
replace: olcServerID
olcServerID: 1 ldap://master01.hexang.org
olcServerID: 2 ldap://master02.hexang.org

dn: olcOverlay=syncprov,olcDatabase={0}config,cn=config
changetype: add
objectClass: olcOverlayConfig
objectClass: olcSyncProvConfig
olcOverlay: syncprov

dn: olcDatabase={0}config,cn=config
changetype: modify
add: olcSyncRepl
olcSyncRepl: rid=001 provider=ldap://master01.hexang.org binddn="cn=config"
  bindmethod=simple credentials= "Main manager's password"  searchbase="cn=config"
  type=refreshAndPersist retry="5 5 300 5" timeout=1
olcSyncRepl: rid=002 provider=ldap://master02.hexang.org binddn="cn=config"
  bindmethod=simple credentials="Main manager's password" searchbase="cn=config"
  type=refreshAndPersist retry="5 5 300 5" timeout=1
-
add: olcMirrorMode
olcMirrorMode: TRUE

Execute the following command to take effect:

ldapmodify -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f configrep.ldif

Step 3: Enable syncprov module

vi syncprov.ldif
===========================================================
dn: olcOverlay=syncprov,olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config
objectClass: olcOverlayConfig
objectClass: olcSyncProvConfig
olcOverlay: syncprov
olcSpSessionLog: 100

Execute the following command to take effect:

ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f syncprov.ldif

Step 4: Configure Mirror Database

vi olcdatabasehdb.ldif
===========================================================
dn: olcDatabase={1}monitor,cn=config
changetype: modify
replace: olcAccess
olcAccess: {0}to * by dn.base="gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth" read by dn.base="cn=admin,dc=hexang,dc=org" read by * none

dn: olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config
changetype: modify
replace: olcSuffix
olcSuffix: dc=hexang,dc=org
-
replace: olcRootDN
olcRootDN: cn=admin,dc=hexang,dc=org
-
replace: olcRootPW
olcRootPW: 'Main manager's password'
-
add: olcSyncRepl
olcSyncRepl: rid=003 provider=ldap://master01.hexang.org binddn="cn=admin,dc=hexang,dc=org" bindmethod=simple
  credentials='Secondary manager's password' searchbase="dc=hexang,dc=org" type=refreshAndPersist
  interval=00:00:05:00 retry="5 5 300 5" timeout=1
olcSyncRepl: rid=004 provider=ldap://master02.hexang.org binddn="cn=admin,dc=hexang,dc=org" bindmethod=simple
  credentials='Secondary manager's password' searchbase="dc=hexang,dc=org" type=refreshAndPersist
  interval=00:00:05:00 retry="5 5 300 5" timeout=1
-
add: olcDbIndex
olcDbIndex: entryUUID  eq
-
add: olcDbIndex
olcDbIndex: entryCSN  eq
-
add: olcMirrorMode
olcMirrorMode: TRUE

Execute the following command to take effect:

ldapmodify -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f olcdatabasehdb.ldif

Step 5: Clone the Structure of Organization

Set the directory Structure according to OpenLDAP Tree Structure.

ONLY one of LDAP providers needs to execute the following command:

vim organisation.ldif
===========================================================
dn: dc=hexang,dc=org
objectClass: top
objectClass: dcObject
objectClass: organization
o: Hexang Open Source Life Style Platform
dc: hexang


dn: cn=admin,dc=hexang,dc=org
objectClass: organizationalRole
cn: admin

dn: ou=hexang.org,dc=hexang,dc=org
objectClass: organizationalUnit
ou: hexang.org

dn: ou=accounts,ou=hexang.org,dc=hexang,dc=org
objectClass: organizationalUnit
ou: accounts

dn: ou=hexang.com,dc=hexang,dc=org
objectClass: organizationalUnit
ou: hexang.com

dn: ou=accounts,ou=hexang.com,dc=hexang,dc=org
objectClass: organizationalUnit
ou: accounts

dn: ou=openingsource.org,dc=hexang,dc=org
objectClass: organizationalUnit
ou: openingsource.org

dn: ou=accounts,ou=openingsource.org,dc=hexang,dc=org
objectClass: organizationalUnit
ou: accounts

dn: ou=sosconf.org,dc=hexang,dc=org
objectClass: organizationalUnit
ou: openingsource.org

dn: ou=accounts,ou=sosconf.org,dc=hexang,dc=org
objectClass: organizationalUnit
ou: accounts

Execute the following command to take effect:

ldapadd -x -D cn=admin,dc=hexang,dc=org -W -f organisation.ldif

Step 6: Create Secondary Manager

Given to security, We need to create a read-only manager on the LDAP provider:

vi rpuser.ldif
===========================================================
dn: uid=rpuser,dc=hexang,dc=org
objectClass: simpleSecurityObject
objectclass: account
uid: rpuser
description: Replication User
userPassword: 'Secondary manager's password'

Execute the following command to take effect:

ldapadd -x -D cn=admin,dc=hexang,dc=org -w 'Main manager's password' -f rpuser.ldif

Master-Slave Configuration

Please pay attention to the IP address of the LDAP provider:

vi syncrepl.ldif
===========================================================
dn: olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config
changetype: modify
add: olcSyncRepl
olcSyncRepl: rid=001
  provider=ldap://IP:389/
  bindmethod=simple
  binddn="cn=admin,dc=hexang,dc=org"
  credentials='Main manager's password'
  searchbase="dc=hexang,dc=org"
  scope=sub
  schemachecking=on
  type=refreshAndPersist
  retry="30 5 300 3"
  interval=00:00:05:00

Add configuration on LDAP server:

ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f syncrepl.ldif

OpenLDAP Test

vi ldaptest.ldif
===========================================================
dn: uid=ldaptest,ou=accounts,ou=hexang.org,dc=hexang,dc=org
objectClass: top
objectClass: person
objectClass: posixAccount
objectClass: shadowAccount
objectClass: inetOrgPerson
cn: Huang Xiaoming
uid: ldaptest
sn: Huang
uidNumber: 9988
gidNumber: 100
homeDirectory: /home/ldaptest
loginShell: /bin/bash
gecos: LDAP Replication Test User
userPassword: xiaoming
shadowLastChange: 17058
shadowMin: 0
shadowMax: 99999
shadowWarning: 7
shadowExpire: -1
mail: xiaoming.huang@qq.com

Add a member to the LDAP server:

ldapadd -x -W -D "cn=admin,dc=hexang,dc=org" -f ldaptest.ldif

Now you can query the xiaoming's information on any host:

ldapsearch -x uid=ldaptest -b dc=hexang,dc=org

Remove command:

ldapdelete -W -D "cn=admin,dc=hexang,dc=org" "uid=ldaptest,ou=accounts,ou=hexang.org,dc=hexang,dc=org"

If the effect of adding or deleting a member across all servers, that means it works.

phpLDAPadmin Configuration

Bind public network IP and host name

Append records to the hosts file:

echo "(the server's public network IP)  Apache" >> /etc/hosts

Configure Apache Services

Check that Apache HTTP and PHP are installed:

[root@VM_0_15_centos ~]# rpm -qa | grep httpd # Check if the HTTP package has been installed
httpd-2.4.6-89.el7.centos.1.x86_64
httpd-tools-2.4.6-89.el7.centos.1.x86_64
httpd-devel-2.4.6-89.el7.centos.1.x86_64
httpd-manual-2.4.6-89.el7.centos.1.noarch
httpd-itk-2.4.7.04-2.el7.x86_64

Check the dependency packages are completely installed:

yum -y install httpd*

Configure Apache after installation, the configuration files are stored in this path: /etc/httpd/conf/
The default Apache is bind on port 80, just use the default port. If there are no special needs, do not change the 'httpd.conf'.

Activate Apache:

systemctl start httpd.service

Check the usage of port 80. If port 80 doesn't listen, check if it is occupied by other services or the configuration file has syntax problems.

[root@VM_0_15_centos ~]# lsof -i:80 # This is normal listening
COMMAND  PID   USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
httpd   6045   root    3u  IPv4 151157      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd   6046 apache    3u  IPv4 151157      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd   6047 apache    3u  IPv4 151157      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd   6048 apache    3u  IPv4 151157      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd   6049 apache    3u  IPv4 151157      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd   6050 apache    3u  IPv4 151157      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)

Check whether Apache is successfully running:

service httpd status

If the output is the same as follows, that means your Apache is successfully running. Otherwise, check the log information to find the error.

Install phpLDAPadmin

Firstly, install phpldapadmin package:

yum install -y phpldapadmin

Modify configuration:

vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/phpldapadmin.conf

Line 11: Change the "Require local" to "Require all granted":

#
#  Web-based tool for managing LDAP servers
#

Alias /phpldapadmin /usr/share/phpldapadmin/htdocs
Alias /ldapadmin /usr/share/phpldapadmin/htdocs

<Directory /usr/share/phpldapadmin/htdocs>
  <IfModule mod_authz_core.c>
    # Apache 2.4
    Require all granted # Change this. PS: I've changed this.
  </IfModule>
  <IfModule !mod_authz_core.c>
    # Apache 2.2
    Order Deny,Allow
    Deny from all
    Allow from 127.0.0.1
    Allow from ::1
  </IfModule>
</Directory>

Modify the PHP configuration, log into LDAP with the user name:

vim /etc/phpldapadmin/config.php

Line 398: Change 'uid' to 'cn'：

$servers->setValue('login','attr','uid'); 
# Do like this: $servers->setValue('login','attr','cn');

Line 460: Close anonymous login to protect data security：

// $servers->setValue('login','anon_bind',true); 
# Uncomment Line 460，Prevent default from becoming true. Change it into $servers->setValue('login','anon_bind',false);

Line 519: Add 'cn', 'sn' to ensure uniqueness of username：

#  $servers->setValue('unique','attrs',array('mail','uid','uidNumber')); 
# Comment out and change it into $servers->setValue('unique','attrs',array('mail','uid','uidNumber','cn','sn'));

Restart the Apache to let the modified configuration take effect:

systemctl restart httpd

Now we can enter: http://your public network IP/ldapadmin/ in the browser to get the architecture created in step 5.

If you meet the problem as follow when log in:

Check if the SELinux disallows the LDAP connection:

# getsebool -a | grep httpd #below is an example of disallow connection
httpd_anon_write --> off
httpd_builtin_scripting --> on
httpd_can_check_spam --> off
httpd_can_connect_ftp --> off
httpd_can_connect_ldap --> off
httpd_can_connect_mythtv --> off
httpd_can_connect_zabbix --> off
httpd_can_network_connect --> off
httpd_can_network_connect_cobbler --> off
httpd_can_network_connect_db --> off
......

If so, enable the SELinux network connectivity (it's no need to restart Apache) :

setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect on

Refresh the log in Page, then you can log in successfully.

Ubuntu: CAS Installation and Configuration

- Given to security, please do not use root account.

System Environment Requirements:

Environment Name	Version
OpenJDK	11.0.4
CAS	6.1.x 及以上
Tomcat	9.0.24
Nginx	1.16.1

Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration

Step 1: install OpenJDK

Update current 'apt' package:

sudo apt update

Install default Java OpenJDK package, 11 is current version (do not use Oracle Java).

sudo apt install default-jdk

Check current JDK version to make sure it meets environment requirements :

java -version

Step 2: Create Tomcat Account

Tomcat should not run under the root account for the sake of security issues, we need to create an extra system user account.

sudo useradd -r -m -U -d /opt/tomcat -s /bin/false tomcat

Step 3: Install Tomcat

click this link to download Tomcat 9:

wget http://apache.01link.hk/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.24/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.24.tar.gz -P /tmp

Extract the compressed file and move it to the directory of the manager created in step 2:

sudo tar xf /tmp/apache-tomcat-9*.tar.gz -C /opt/tomcat

To control Tomcat version better, we need to create a link named latest and point to installing address of Tomcat directly:

sudo ln -s /opt/tomcat/apache-tomcat-9.0.24 /opt/tomcat/latest

Authorize the manager:

sudo chown -RH tomcat: /opt/tomcat/latest
sudo sh -c 'chmod +x /opt/tomcat/latest/bin/*.sh'

Step 4: Create System Unit File

Create service unit:

sudo vim /etc/systemd/system/tomcat.service
===========================================================
[Unit]
Description=Tomcat 9 servlet container
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking

User=tomcat
Group=tomcat

Environment="JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/default-java"
Environment="JAVA_OPTS=-Djava.security.egd=file:///dev/urandom -Djava.awt.headless=true"

Environment="CATALINA_BASE=/opt/tomcat/latest"
Environment="CATALINA_HOME=/opt/tomcat/latest"
Environment="CATALINA_PID=/opt/tomcat/latest/temp/tomcat.pid"
Environment="CATALINA_OPTS=-Xms512M -Xmx1024M -server -XX:+UseParallelGC"

ExecStart=/opt/tomcat/latest/bin/startup.sh
ExecStop=/opt/tomcat/latest/bin/shutdown.sh
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Please check whether the path of JAVA_HOME is correct or not.

Save and restart new unit file :

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

Next, select the listening port. You don't need to enter the port number in an ideal situation but Tomcat does not run as root for security reasons, so there is no way to bind on port 80 directly. Hence, we need port forwarding via iptables:

sudo iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-port 8080

Save firewall rules:

sudo iptables-save > /etc/zsmiptables.rules

Set boot auto-loader:

vim /etc/network/interfaces
===========================================================
# Append a line at the end.
pre-up iptables-restore < /etc/zsmiptables.rules

Start Tomcat service:

sudo systemctl start tomcat

Please check Tomcat is runnning successfully:

sudo systemctl status tomcat

Green mark indicates it running successfully, execute reboot command:

sudo systemctl enable tomcat

Nginx Configuration

Step 1: Create Nginx Running Account

Please do not run Nginx by root account due to security concerns:

sudo useradd --shell /sbin/nologin --home-dir /usr/local/nginx nginx

Step 2: Install Dependency Library:

GCC Library

gcc would be pre-installed in some systems, we can check whether the library is available in the system environment by the following command:

gcc

You need to install GCC library If the output is the same as follows:

~bash: gcc: command not found

The installation command is shown as follows:

sudo apt-get install build-essentials

PCRE Library

sudo apt-get install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev

zlib Library

sudo apt-get install zlib1g zlib1g-dev

OpenSSL Library

sudo apt-get install openssl libssl-dev

Sysv-rc-conf Management Package

We prefer to change the source in case that installation fails:

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
===========================================================
# Add Official Source Address
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main universe restricted multiverse

Update apt-get:

sudo apt-get update

Install sysv-rc-conf after updates:

sudo apt-get install sysv-rc-conf

Step 3: Download and Decompress Nginx

Create a new directory to store resources:

sudo mkdir src && cd src

Download a suitable version from Official Website:

sudo wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz

Extract to the desktop and detect the Nginx installation environment:

sudo tar xf nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz

Step 4: Configure HTTP Service

Configure HTTP and HTTPS server:

cd nginx-1.16.1 && sudo ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx-1.16.1 --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_stub_status_module

Step 5: Install Nginx

sudo make && sudo make install

Create a link:

sudo ln -s /usr/local/nginx-1.16.1 /usr/local/nginx

Check whether modified version is valid or not:

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -v

Start Nginx:

sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

Visit http://IP address of server public network, if the browser opens the same as the image below，then the initial configuration of Nginx is successful:

Next, configure the self-executing file:

sudo vim /etc/init.d/nginx
===========================================================
#!/bin/bash
  
set -e
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
DESC="nginx daemon"
NAME=nginx
DAEMON=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/$NAME
SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME

# If the daemon file is not found, terminate the script.
test -x $DAEMON || exit 0

d_start() {
        $DAEMON || echo -n " already running"
}

d_stop() {
        $DAEMON -s stop || echo -n " not running"
}

d_reload() {
        $DAEMON -s reload || echo -n " could not reload"
}

case "$1" in
    start)
    echo -n "Starting $DESC: $NAME"
    d_start
    echo "."
    ;;
stop)
    echo -n "Stopping $DESC: $NAME"
    d_stop
    echo "."
    ;;
    reload)
    echo -n "Reloading $DESC configuration..."
    d_reload
    echo "reloaded."
    ;;
restart)
    echo -n "Restarting $DESC: $NAME"
    d_stop
# Sleep for two seconds before starting again, this should give the
# Nginx daemon some time to perform a graceful stop.
    sleep 2
    d_start
    echo "."
    ;;
*)
    echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|reload}" >&2
    exit 3
    ;;
esac
exit 0

Authorize a script:

sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx

Add boot list:

update-rc.d  -f  nginx  defaults

This step is crucial for boot from boot:

sysv-rc-conf nginx on

Access http://IP of server public network after reboot, the following information indicates a success:

The corresponding nginx command as follows:

sudo /etc/init.d/nginx reload | stop | restart | start

Step 6: Configure Nginx

Edit nginx.conf:

sudo vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
===========================================================
#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;
error_log  logs/error.log  error;

pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    autoindex off;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  logs/access.log  main;
       sendfile       on;
    tcp_nopush     on;
    tcp_nodelay    on;
    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
                # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }

    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

Reload configuration:

sudo /etc/init.d/nginx reload

Reference

This document refers to the blogs written by the following authors, they are listed as follows in case you are interested in.

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 31 Commits
images		images
shell scripts		shell scripts
LICENSE		LICENSE
README.md		README.md
README_CN.md		README_CN.md

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Table of Contents

Account Authentication Service

CentOS: OpenLDAP Installation and Configuration

OpenLDAP Tree Structure

OpenLADP User Information Collection

LDAP Synchronous Conditions

Shell Scripts

Firewall Rules

Inbound Rules

Outbound Rules

SELinux Settings

LDAP Basic Configuration

Step 1: install LDAP

Step 2: Configure the syslog

Step 3: Configure the Password of Main Manager

Step 4: Import Schemas

Step 5: Configure the Top-level Domain of LDAP

Multi-Master Replication Configuration

Step 1: Configure the Syncprov module

Step 2: Configure Mirror Replication

Step 3: Enable syncprov module

Step 4: Configure Mirror Database

Step 5: Clone the Structure of Organization

Step 6: Create Secondary Manager

Master-Slave Configuration

OpenLDAP Test

phpLDAPadmin Configuration

Bind public network IP and host name

Configure Apache Services

Install phpLDAPadmin

Ubuntu: CAS Installation and Configuration

Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration

Step 1: install OpenJDK

Step 2: Create Tomcat Account

Step 3: Install Tomcat

Step 4: Create System Unit File

Nginx Configuration

Step 1: Create Nginx Running Account

Step 2: Install Dependency Library:

GCC Library

PCRE Library

zlib Library

OpenSSL Library

Sysv-rc-conf Management Package

Step 3: Download and Decompress Nginx

Step 4: Configure HTTP Service

Step 5: Install Nginx

Step 6: Configure Nginx

Reference

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