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Have something you'd like to contribute to web flow? We welcome pull requests, but ask that you carefully read this document first to understand how best to submit them; what kind of changes are likely to be accepted; and what to expect from the Spring team when evaluating your submission.

Please refer back to this document as a checklist before issuing any pull request; this will save time for everyone!

Code of Conduct

This project adheres to the Contributor Covenant code of conduct. By participating, you are expected to uphold this code. Please report unacceptable behavior to spring-code-of-conduct@spring.io.

Understand the basics

Not sure what a pull request is, or how to submit one? Take a look at GitHub's excellent help documentation first.

Search existing issues first; create an issue if necessary

Is there already an issue that addresses your concern? Do a bit of searching in our issue tracker to see if you can find something similar. If not, please create a new issue before submitting a pull request unless the change is truly trivial, e.g. typo fixes, removing compiler warnings, etc.

Discuss non-trivial contribution ideas with committers

If you're considering anything more than correcting a typo or fixing a minor bug, please discuss it before submitting a pull request. We're happy to provide guidance, but please spend an hour or two researching the subject on your own including searching the mailing list for prior discussions.

Create your branch from main

If your pull request addresses a bug or improvement, please create your branch from Spring Web Flow's main branch. Rest assured that if your pull request is accepted and merged into main, these changes will also considered as back-port candidates.

Use short branch names

Branches used when submitting pull requests should preferably be named according to GitHub issues, e.g. 'gh-1234'. Otherwise, use succinct, lower-case, dash (-) delimited names, such as 'fix-warnings', 'fix-typo', etc. In fork-and-edit cases, the GitHub default 'patch-1' is fine as well. This is important, because branch names show up in the merge commits that result from accepting pull requests, and should be as expressive and concise as possible.

Mind the whitespace

Please carefully follow the whitespace and formatting conventions already present in the framework.

  1. Tabs, not spaces
  2. Unix (LF), not DOS (CRLF) line endings
  3. Eliminate all trailing whitespace
  4. Wrap Javadoc at 90 characters
  5. Aim to wrap code at 90 characters, but favor readability over wrapping
  6. Preserve existing formatting; i.e. do not reformat code for its own sake
  7. Search the codebase using git grep and other tools to discover common naming conventions, etc.
  8. Latin-1 (ISO-8859-1) encoding for Java sources; use native2ascii to convert if necessary

Add Apache license header to all new classes

/*
 * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package ...;

Update Apache license header to modified files as necessary

Always check the date range in the license header. For example, if you've modified a file in 2013 whose header still reads

 * Copyright 2002-2011 the original author or authors.

then be sure to update it to 2024 appropriately

 * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.

Use @since tags for newly-added public API types and methods

e.g.

/**
 * ...
 *
 * @author First Last
 * @since 3.0.1
 * @see ...
 */

Submit JUnit test cases for all behavior changes

Search the codebase to find related unit tests and add additional @Test methods within. It is also acceptable to submit test cases on a per GitHub issue basis, e.g.

package org.springframework.beans.factory.support;

/**
 * Unit tests for gh-8954, in which a custom {@link InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor}
 * forces the predicted type of a FactoryBean, effectively preventing retrieval of the
 * bean from calls to #getBeansOfType(FactoryBean.class). The implementation of
 * {@link AbstractBeanFactory#isFactoryBean(String, RootBeanDefinition)} now ensures
 * that not only the predicted bean type is considered, but also the original bean
 * definition's beanClass.
 *
 * @author First Last
 */
public class Gh8954Tests {

    @Test
    public void cornerGh8954() {
        // ...
    }
}

Squash commits

Use git rebase --interactive, git add --patch and other tools to "squash" multiple commits into atomic changes. In addition to the man pages for git, there are many resources online to help you understand how these tools work. Here is one: https://book.git-scm.com/4_interactive_rebasing.html.

Use real name in git commits

Please configure git to use your real first and last name for any commits you intend to submit as pull requests. For example, this is not acceptable:

Author: Nickname <user@mail.com>

Rather, please include your first and last name, properly capitalized, as submitted against the SpringSource contributor license agreement:

Author: First Last <user@mail.com>

This helps ensure traceability against the CLA, and also goes a long way to ensuring useful output from tools like git shortlog and others.

You can configure this globally via the account admin area GitHub (useful for fork-and-edit cases); globally with

git config --global user.name "First Last"
git config --global user.email user@mail.com

or locally for the spring-framework repository only by omitting the '--global' flag:

cd spring-framework
git config user.name "First Last"
git config user.email user@mail.com

Format commit messages

Please read and follow the commit guidelines section of Pro Git.

Most importantly, please format your commit messages in the following way (adapted from the commit template in the link above):

Short (50 chars or less) summary of changes

More detailed explanatory text, if necessary. Wrap it to about 72
characters or so. In some contexts, the first line is treated as the
subject of an email and the rest of the text as the body. The blank
line separating the summary from the body is critical (unless you omit
the body entirely); tools like rebase can get confused if you run the
two together.

Further paragraphs come after blank lines.

 - Bullet points are okay, too

 - Typically a hyphen or asterisk is used for the bullet, preceded by a
   single space, with blank lines in between, but conventions vary here

Closes: gh-1234
  1. Use imperative statements in the subject line, e.g. "Fix broken Javadoc link"
  2. Begin the subject line sentence with a capitalized verb, e.g. "Add, Prune, Fix, Introduce, Avoid, etc."
  3. Do not end the subject line with a period
  4. Keep the subject line to 50 characters or less if possible
  5. Wrap lines in the body at 72 characters or less
  6. Mention associated GitHub issue(s) at the end of the commit comment, prefixed with "Issue: " as above
  7. In the body of the commit message, explain how things worked before this commit, what has changed, and how things work now

For examples of this style, issue a git log --author=cbeams in the spring-framework git repository. For convenience, here are several such commits:

https://github.com/SpringSource/spring-framework/commit/08e2669b84ec0faa2f7904441fe39ac70b65b078 https://github.com/SpringSource/spring-framework/commit/1d9d3e6ff79ce9f0eca03b02cd1df705925575da https://github.com/SpringSource/spring-framework/commit/8e0b1c3a5f957af3049cfa0438317177e16d6de6 https://github.com/SpringSource/spring-framework/commit/b787a68f2050df179f7036b209aa741230a02477

Run all tests prior to submission

See the building from source section of the README for instructions. Make sure that all tests pass prior to submitting your pull request.

Submit your pull request

Subject line:

Follow the same conventions for pull request subject lines as mentioned above for commit message subject lines.

In the body:

  1. Explain your use case. What led you to submit this change? Why were existing mechanisms in the framework insufficient? Make a case that this is a general-purpose problem and that yours is a general-purpose solution, etc.
  2. Add any additional information and ask questions
  3. Mention related any GitHub issue ID's

Note that for pull requests containing a single commit, GitHub will default the subject line and body of the pull request to match the subject line and body of the commit message. This is fine, but please also include the items above in the body of the request.

Expect discussion and rework

The Spring team takes a very conservative approach to accepting contributions to the framework. This is to keep code quality and stability as high as possible, and to keep complexity at a minimum. Your changes, if accepted, may be heavily modified prior to merging. You will retain "Author:" attribution for your Git commits granted that the bulk of your changes remain intact. You may be asked to rework the submission for style (as explained above) and/or substance. Again, we strongly recommend discussing any serious submissions with the Spring Framework team prior to engaging in serious development work.

Note that you can always force push (git push -f) reworked / rebased commits against the branch used to submit your pull request. i.e. you do not need to issue a new pull request when asked to make changes.