Deep Learning (and Machine Learning) for Human Activity Recognition

Keras implementation of CNN, DeepConvLSTM, and SDAE and LightGBM for sensor-based Human Activity Recognition (HAR).

This repository contains keras (tensorflow.keras) implementation of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) [1], Deep Convolutional LSTM (DeepConvLSTM) [1], Stacked Denoising AutoEncoder (SDAE) [2], and Light GBM for human activity recognition (HAR) using smartphones sensor dataset, UCI smartphone [3].

Table 1. The summary of the results amongst five methods on UCI smartphone dataset.

Method	Accuracy	Precision	Recall	F1-score
LightGBM	96.33	96.58	96.37	96.43
CNN [1]	95.29	95.46	95.50	95.47
DeepConvLSTM [1]	95.66	95.71	95.84	95.72
SDAE [2]	78.28	78.83	78.47	78.25
MLP	93.81	93.97	94.04	93.85

Setup

Dockerfile creates a virtual environment with Keras (tensorflow 2.3) and Python 3.8. If you wan to use this implementation locally within a docker container:

$ git clone git@github.com:takumiw/Deep-Learning-for-Human-Activity-Recognition.git
$ cd Deep-Learning-for-Human-Activity-Recognition
$ make start-gpu
# poetry install

Then run code by:

# poetry run python run_cnn.py

Dataset

The dataset includes types of movement amongst three static postures (STANDING, SITTING, LYING) and three dynamic activities (WALKING, WALKING DOWNSTAIRS, WALKING UPSTAIRS).

Watch video
Download dataset

Methods

Feature engineering + LightGBM

To represent raw sensor signals as a feature vector, 621 features are created by preprocessing, fast Fourier transform (FFT), statistics, etc. (run_generate_features.py.)
The 621 features of the training dataset were trained on a LightGBM classifier by 5-fold cross-validation, and evaluated on the test dataset.

Convolutional Neural network (CNN)

The preprocessed raw sensor signals are classified CNN. The CNN architecture, which is a baseline to DeepConvLSTM, follows the study [1]

Deep Convolutional LSTM (DeepConvLSTM)

The preprocessed raw sensor signals are classified DeepConvLSTM. The fully connected layers of CNN are replaced with LSTM layers. The DeepConvLSTM architecture follows the study [1].

Stacked Denoising AutoEncoder (SDAE)

The preprocessed raw sensor signals are trained with SDAE, softmax layer is superimposed on top of Encoder, then whole network is fine-tuned for the target classification task. I used as same settings to the reference [2] as possible, but could not reproduce the result in the paper.

Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP)

The preprocessed raw sensor signals are trained with MLP, which consists of two hidden layers.

Reference

[1] Ordóñez, F. J., & Roggen, D. (2016). Deep convolutional and lstm recurrent neural networks for multimodal wearable activity recognition. Sensors, 16(1), 115.
[2] Gao, X., Luo, H., Wang, Q., Zhao, F., Ye, L., & Zhang, Y. (2019). A human activity recognition algorithm based on stacking denoising autoencoder and lightGBM. Sensors, 19(4), 947.
[3] Reyes-Ortiz, J. L., Oneto, L., Samà, A., Parra, X., & Anguita, D. (2016). Transition-aware human activity recognition using smartphones. Neurocomputing, 171, 754-767.

Author

• Takumi Watanabe (takumiw)
• Sophia University