chore: Bump Azurite from 3.23.0 to 3.24.0

[Xzelsius]

What does this PR do?

Updates Azurite to version 3.24.0

Why is it important?

Azurite 3.24.0 is required to support Azure Storage API Version 2023-01-03

Related issues

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[Xzelsius]

@HofmeisterAn Do you want me to bump Azure.Storage.Blobs to 12.17.0 and Azure.Storage.Queues to 12.15.0 in this PR or in a separate one?

Azure.Storage.Blobs with version 12.17.0 has default API version 2023-01-03 thus it won't work without this PR.

[HofmeisterAn]

Thanks for submitting the PR.

@HofmeisterAn Do you want me to bump Azure.Storage.Blobs to 12.17.0 and Azure.Storage.Queues to 12.15.0 in this PR or in a separate one?

Let's bump the test dependencies together with the image version. Happy to merge the PR if the dependencies are up-to-date too. Thanks again.

FYI, typically we do not proactively update image versions unless there are changes needed in the builder configuration, such as supporting multiple major versions like MongoDB. This is to avoid introducing breaking changes. Instead, we suggest developers to select and pin the image version they prefer, giving them the freedom to decide which version to use.