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A comprehensive bundle of utilities for the estimation of probability of informed trading models: original PIN in Easley and O'Hara (1992) and Easley et al. (1996); Multilayer PIN (MPIN) in Ersan (2016); Adjusted PIN (AdjPIN) in Duarte and Young (2009); and volume-synchronized PIN (VPIN) in Easley et al. (2011, 2012). Implementations of various …
This simulation models the interactions between buyers and sellers in a market using a discrete Markov chain. The market consists of regular sellers and a fraction of opportunistic sellers who may deceive the buyers. The simulation tracks the evolution of buyer perception over time, influenced by encounters with these opportunistic sellers.