diff --git a/docs/changelog/2999.bugfix.rst b/docs/changelog/2999.bugfix.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7e4e336979
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/changelog/2999.bugfix.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix terminal size of tox subcommands (fixes ipython, ipdb, prompt_toolkit, ...).
diff --git a/src/tox/execute/local_sub_process/__init__.py b/src/tox/execute/local_sub_process/__init__.py
index efd9c9c788..d79788515c 100644
--- a/src/tox/execute/local_sub_process/__init__.py
+++ b/src/tox/execute/local_sub_process/__init__.py
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ def _pty(key: str) -> tuple[int, int] | None:
     # adjust sub-process terminal size
     columns, lines = shutil.get_terminal_size(fallback=(-1, -1))
     if columns != -1 and lines != -1:
-        size = struct.pack("HHHH", columns, lines, 0, 0)
+        size = struct.pack("HHHH", lines, columns, 0, 0)
         fcntl.ioctl(child, termios.TIOCSWINSZ, size)
 
     return main, child
diff --git a/tests/execute/local_subprocess/test_local_subprocess.py b/tests/execute/local_subprocess/test_local_subprocess.py
index 22c854d73b..4c7184bf6a 100644
--- a/tests/execute/local_subprocess/test_local_subprocess.py
+++ b/tests/execute/local_subprocess/test_local_subprocess.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 import json
 import logging
 import os
+import pty
 import shutil
 import stat
 import subprocess
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@
 
 from tox.execute.api import ExecuteOptions, Outcome
 from tox.execute.local_sub_process import SIG_INTERRUPT, LocalSubProcessExecuteInstance, LocalSubProcessExecutor
+from tox.execute.local_sub_process.read_via_thread_unix import ReadViaThreadUnix
 from tox.execute.request import ExecuteRequest, StdinSource
 from tox.execute.stream import SyncWrite
 from tox.report import NamedBytesIO
@@ -140,6 +142,42 @@ def test_local_execute_write_a_lot(os_env: dict[str, str]) -> None:
     assert outcome.err == expected_err, expected_err[len(outcome.err) :]
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == "win32", reason="Unix terminal size test")
+def test_local_execute_terminal_size(os_env: dict[str, str], monkeypatch: MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    """Regression test for #2999 - check terminal size is set correctly in tox subprocess."""
+    terminal_size = os.terminal_size((84, 42))
+    main, child = pty.openpty()
+    # Use ReadViaThreadUnix to help with debugging the test itself.
+    with (
+        ReadViaThreadUnix(main, sys.stdout.buffer.write, name="testout", drain=True),
+        monkeypatch.context() as monkey,
+        open(child, "w") as stdout_mock,  # noqa: PTH123
+    ):
+        # Switch stdout with test pty
+        monkey.setattr(sys, "stdout", stdout_mock)
+        monkey.setenv("COLUMNS", "84")
+        monkey.setenv("LINES", "42")
+
+        executor = LocalSubProcessExecutor(colored=False)
+        request = ExecuteRequest(
+            cmd=[sys.executable, "-c", "import os; print(os.get_terminal_size())"],
+            cwd=Path(),
+            env=os_env,
+            stdin=StdinSource.OFF,
+            run_id="",
+        )
+        out_err = FakeOutErr()
+        with executor.call(request, show=False, out_err=out_err.out_err, env=MagicMock()) as status:
+            while status.exit_code is None:  # pragma: no branch
+                status.wait()
+    outcome = status.outcome
+    assert outcome is not None
+    assert bool(outcome), outcome
+    expected_out = f"{terminal_size!r}\r\n"
+    assert outcome.out == expected_out, expected_out[len(outcome.out) :]
+    assert not outcome.err
+
+
 def test_local_execute_basic_fail(capsys: CaptureFixture, caplog: LogCaptureFixture, monkeypatch: MonkeyPatch) -> None:
     monkeypatch.chdir(Path(__file__).parents[3])
     caplog.set_level(logging.NOTSET)