shortex.sty

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%  shortex.sty
%%  Latex packages and macros for
%%  more efficient, readable math
%%
%%  Copyright (c) 2023 Trevor Campbell,
%%  Jonathan Huggins, Jeffrey Negrea
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\ProvidesPackage{shortex}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Package Imports (packages without dynamic options/inclusion)
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\usepackage{xifthen} % extended if/then commands (needed internally for \isempty)
\usepackage{xstring} % string manipulation (needed internally for \StrLeft, \StrGobbleLeft, \IfStrEqCase, etc in font/style macro expansions)
\usepackage{xspace} % defines \xspace command that automatically determine whether spaces should be eaten (needed internally for many defns)
\usepackage[usenames,dvipsnames]{xcolor} % for using colored text (needed internally for \definecolor to create WowColor and SubtleColor)
\usepackage{xr-hyper} % cross referencing across docs
\usepackage{hyperref} % typical linking package
\usepackage{mathrsfs,dsfont,amsmath,amssymb,amsthm,bm,bbm,amsfonts,mathtools,thmtools} % math
\usepackage[nice]{nicefrac} % nice fraction typesetting
\usepackage[capitalize,sort,compress]{cleveref} % automatic typesetting of references with typed names
\usepackage{crossreftools} % ensure that crefs appear correctly in bookmarks (needed internally for \crtCref, \crtcref)
\usepackage{algpseudocode, algorithm} % typical algorithm typesetting packages
\usepackage{multirow} % multirow tables
\usepackage{wrapfig} % figures wrapped into the text
\usepackage{caption,subcaption} % package for sub-environments (figs, tables, etc)
\usepackage{microtype} % microtypesetting improvements for latex
\usepackage{booktabs} % professional quality tables
\usepackage{import, subfiles} % packages for using subfile/folder structure
\usepackage{url} % nice URL typesetting (used internally for \UrlFont command)
\usepackage{kvoptions} % for defining key-value options for this package
\usepackage{marginnote} % for margin comments within floats

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Color Definitions 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\definecolor{SubtleColor}{rgb}{0,0,.50}
\definecolor{CommentColor0}{rgb}{0,0,.8}
\definecolor{CommentColor1}{rgb}{.8,0,.8}
\definecolor{CommentColor2}{rgb}{.8,0,0}
\definecolor{CommentColor3}{rgb}{0,.4,0}
\definecolor{CommentColor4}{rgb}{.8,.3,0}
\definecolor{CommentColor5}{rgb}{.5,0,.5}
\definecolor{CommentColor6}{rgb}{.3,.7,.7}
\definecolor{CommentColor7}{rgb}{0,.4,.8}
\definecolor{CommentColor8}{rgb}{.6,.5,.3}
\newcounter{MaxCommentColor}
\setcounter{MaxCommentColor}{8}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Package Setup, Options, and Fixes
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% ensures that hyperref generates correct bookmarks when using cleveref
\pdfstringdefDisableCommands{%
    \let\Cref\crtCref
    \let\cref\crtcref
}
\crefformat{footnote}{#1\footnotemark[#2]#3}

% Fix the algorithm \Comment command
\algrenewcommand{\algorithmiccomment}[1]{\hfill$\triangleright$ #1} 

%properly indented algorithm comments
%usage: \LineComment{X}{Here is the comment},  where X = # additional indents. 
\newdimen{\algindent}
\setlength\algindent{1.5em}
\makeatletter
\newcommand{\LineComment}[2][0]{\Statex \hspace{#1\algindent} \hskip\ALG@thistlm $\triangleright$ #2}
\makeatother

% set the default hyperref style to dark blue
\hypersetup{colorlinks=true, allcolors=SubtleColor, linkbordercolor={1 1 1}, pdfborder={0 0 0}, pdfborderstyle={/S/U/W 0}}

% allow the user to switch to a black hypersetup if desired
\DeclareVoidOption{blacklinks}{\hypersetup{colorlinks=false, allcolors=black, pdfborder={0 0 0}}}

% use autonum by default 
\newif\ifusemanualnum
\usemanualnumfalse
\DeclareVoidOption{noautonum}{\usemanualnumtrue}

% pass draft mode on to graphicx and hyperref
\DeclareVoidOption{draft}{\PassOptionsToPackage{draft}{graphicx}\PassOptionsToPackage{draft}{hyperref}}

% whether to parse common font/accent combinations
\newif\iffontcombos
\fontcombostrue
\DeclareVoidOption{nomathfontdefaults}{\fontcombosfalse}

% an option to specify commenter names
\DeclareStringOption{commenters}

% an option to hide comments
\newif\ifhidecomments
\hidecommentsfalse
\DeclareVoidOption{hidecomments}{\hidecommentstrue}

% process the package options
\ProcessKeyvalOptions*

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Package Imports (packages with dynamic options/inclusion)
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% load graphicx using draft mode (or not) per above
\usepackage{graphicx} 

% load autonum by default; avoid loading it is manualnumbering set
\ifusemanualnum \else \usepackage{autonum} \fi

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Environments
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newcommand{\defineshortenedenvironment}[2]{
\expandafter\def\csname b#1\endcsname{\begin{#2}}
\expandafter\def\csname e#1\endcsname{\end{#2}}
}
\newcommand{\defineshortenedenvironmentwithstar}[2]{
\expandafter\def\csname b#1\endcsname{\begin{#2}}
\expandafter\def\csname e#1\endcsname{\end{#2}}
\expandafter\def\csname b#1s\endcsname{\begin{#2*}}
\expandafter\def\csname e#1s\endcsname{\end{#2*}}
}
\newcommand{\defineshortenedtheoremlike}[5]{
\declaretheorem[name=#3,#5]{#2}
\declaretheorem[name=#3,numbered=no]{#2*}
\expandafter\def\csname b#1\endcsname{\begin{#2}}
\expandafter\def\csname e#1\endcsname{\end{#2}}
\expandafter\def\csname b#1u\endcsname{\begin{#2*}}
\expandafter\def\csname e#1u\endcsname{\end{#2*}}
\crefname{#2}{#3}{#4}
}
% align redef
\AtBeginDocument{ %necessary to stop clash with autonum package
\def\[#1\]{\begin{align}#1\end{align}}
}
% common environments
\defineshortenedenvironment{alg}{algorithm}
\defineshortenedenvironment{algc}{algorithmic}
\defineshortenedenvironment{abs}{abstract}
\defineshortenedenvironment{cent}{center}
\defineshortenedenvironmentwithstar{fig}{figure}
\defineshortenedenvironment{subfig}{subfigure}
\defineshortenedenvironment{tab}{table}
\defineshortenedenvironment{tabr}{tabular}
\defineshortenedenvironment{item}{itemize}
\defineshortenedenvironment{enum}{enumerate}
\defineshortenedenvironment{desc}{description}
\defineshortenedenvironment{prf}{proof}
\newenvironment{proofof}[1]{\renewcommand{\proofname}{Proof of #1}\proof}{\endproof}
\defineshortenedenvironment{prfof}{proofof}
\defineshortenedenvironment{pmat}{pmatrix}
\defineshortenedenvironment{bmat}{bmatrix}
\defineshortenedenvironment{mat}{matrix}
% theorem-like envs
\defineshortenedtheoremlike{thm}{theorem}{Theorem}{Theorems}{numberwithin=section}
\defineshortenedtheoremlike{lem}{lemma}{Lemma}{Lemmas}{numberlike=theorem}
\defineshortenedtheoremlike{prop}{proposition}{Proposition}{Propositions}{numberlike=theorem}
\defineshortenedtheoremlike{cor}{corollary}{Corollary}{Corollaries}{numberlike=theorem}
\defineshortenedtheoremlike{conj}{conjecture}{Conjecture}{Conjectures}{numberlike=theorem}
\defineshortenedtheoremlike{defn}{definition}{Definition}{Definitions}{numberlike=theorem}
\defineshortenedtheoremlike{assum}{assumption}{Assumption}{Assumptions}{numberlike=theorem}
\defineshortenedtheoremlike{exa}{example}{Example}{Examples}{numberlike=theorem}
\defineshortenedtheoremlike{rmk}{remark}{Remark}{Remarks}{numberlike=theorem}
\defineshortenedtheoremlike{fact}{fact}{Fact}{Facts}{numberlike=theorem}
\defineshortenedtheoremlike{exer}{exercise}{Exercise}{Exercises}{numberwithin=section}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Font styles/accents
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% Widebar (need to define here for font style usage)
% obtained from https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/16337/can-i-get-a-widebar-without-using-the-mathabx-package
\makeatletter
\let\save@mathaccent\mathaccent
\newcommand*\if@single[3]{%
  \setbox0\hbox{${\mathaccent"0362{#1}}^H$}%
  \setbox2\hbox{${\mathaccent"0362{\kern0pt#1}}^H$}%
  \ifdim\ht0=\ht2 #3\else #2\fi
  }
%The bar will be moved to the right by a half of \macc@kerna, which is computed by amsmath:
\newcommand*\rel@kern[1]{\kern#1\dimexpr\macc@kerna}
%If there's a superscript following the bar, then no negative kern may follow the bar;
%an additional {} makes sure that the superscript is high enough in this case:
\newcommand*\widebar[1]{\@ifnextchar^{{\wide@bar{#1}{0}}}{\wide@bar{#1}{1}}}
%Use a separate algorithm for single symbols:
\newcommand*\wide@bar[2]{\if@single{#1}{\wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{1}}{\wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{2}}}
\newcommand*\wide@bar@[3]{%
  \begingroup
  \def\mathaccent##1##2{%
%Enable nesting of accents:
    \let\mathaccent\save@mathaccent
%If there's more than a single symbol, use the first character instead (see below):
    \if#32 \let\macc@nucleus\first@char \fi
%Determine the italic correction:
    \setbox\z@\hbox{$\macc@style{\macc@nucleus}_{}$}%
    \setbox\tw@\hbox{$\macc@style{\macc@nucleus}{}_{}$}%
    \dimen@\wd\tw@
    \advance\dimen@-\wd\z@
%Now \dimen@ is the italic correction of the symbol.
    \divide\dimen@ 3
    \@tempdima\wd\tw@
    \advance\@tempdima-\scriptspace
%Now \@tempdima is the width of the symbol.
    \divide\@tempdima 10
    \advance\dimen@-\@tempdima
%Now \dimen@ = (italic correction / 3) - (Breite / 10)
    \ifdim\dimen@>\z@ \dimen@0pt\fi
%The bar will be shortened in the case \dimen@<0 !
    \rel@kern{0.6}\kern-\dimen@
    \if#31
      \overline{\rel@kern{-0.6}\kern\dimen@\macc@nucleus\rel@kern{0.4}\kern\dimen@}%
      \advance\dimen@0.4\dimexpr\macc@kerna
%Place the combined final kern (-\dimen@) if it is >0 or if a superscript follows:
      \let\final@kern#2%
      \ifdim\dimen@<\z@ \let\final@kern1\fi
      \if\final@kern1 \kern-\dimen@\fi
    \else
      \overline{\rel@kern{-0.6}\kern\dimen@#1}%
    \fi
  }%
  \macc@depth\@ne
  \let\math@bgroup\@empty \let\math@egroup\macc@set@skewchar
  \mathsurround\z@ \frozen@everymath{\mathgroup\macc@group\relax}%
  \macc@set@skewchar\relax
  \let\mathaccentV\macc@nested@a
%The following initialises \macc@kerna and calls \mathaccent:
  \if#31
    \macc@nested@a\relax111{#1}%
  \else
%If the argument consists of more than one symbol, and if the first token is
%a letter, use that letter for the computations:
    \def\gobble@till@marker##1\endmarker{}%
    \futurelet\first@char\gobble@till@marker#1\endmarker
    \ifcat\noexpand\first@char A\else
      \def\first@char{}%
    \fi
    \macc@nested@a\relax111{\first@char}%
  \fi
  \endgroup
}
\makeatother

\newcommand{\uppercaseRoman}{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}
\newcommand{\lowercaseRoman}{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}
\newcommand{\lowercaseGreek}{\alpha\beta\gamma\delta\eps\zeta\eta\theta\iota\kappa\lam\mu\nu\xi\pi\rho\sigma\tau\ups\phi\chi\psi\omega\veps\vtheta\vkappa\vpi\vrho\vsigma\vphi}
\newcommand{\uppercaseGreek}{\Gamma\Delta\Theta\Lam\Xi\Pi\Sigma\Ups\Phi\Psi\Omega}

\newcommand{\s}[2][]{
    \StrLeft{#1}{1}[\fontstylehead]
    \StrGobbleLeft{#1}{1}[\fontstyletail]
    \IfStrEqCase{\fontstylehead}{%
        {}{#2}
        {b}{ \widebar{\s[\fontstyletail]{#2}} }%
        {k}{ \bm{{\s[\fontstyletail]{#2}}} }%
        {d}{ \mathbb{\s[\fontstyletail]{#2}} }%
        {h}{ {\widehat {\s[\fontstyletail]{#2}}} }%
        {t}{ {\widetilde {\s[\fontstyletail]{#2}}} }%
        {c}{ {\mathcal {\s[\fontstyletail]{#2}}} }%
        {f}{ {\mathfrak {\s[\fontstyletail]{#2}}} }%
        {o}{ {\dot {\s[\fontstyletail]{#2}}} }%
        }[{\s[\fontstyletail]{#2}}]
}

% defines the macroname command:
% \macroname{\alpha} -> alpha
% \macroname{alpha} -> alpha
% used for defining greek alphabets
\begingroup\lccode`\|=`\\
\lowercase{\endgroup\def\removebs#1{\if#1|\else#1\fi}}
\newcommand{\macroname}[1]{\expandafter\removebs\string#1}

% essentially the same functionality as charalphabetmacro, 
% % except the macro name and the command are passed as one argument 
% % since \s is used in the definition
\newcommand{\charfontstylemacro}[2]{
% #1: annotation codes
% #2: characters to define annotations for
% Create a macros of the form
%   \newcommand{\s#1##1}{\s[#1]{##1}} for each ##1 in #2
    \def\mydeffoo##1{\expandafter\def\csname s#1\macroname{##1}\endcsname{\s[#1]{##1}}}
    \def\mydefallfoo##1{\ifx##1\mydefallfoo\else\mydeffoo##1\expandafter\mydefallfoo\fi}
    \expandafter \mydefallfoo #2\mydefallfoo
}

% I got this to work by basing it off of \texalphabetmacro above
% % the order of expansion in LaTeX is very opaque to me, so im not 100% 
% % sure why it works, but it does, and I wrote it thinking it would work 
% % for whatever voodoo reason \texalphabetmacro also worked.
 
\newcommand{\parsefontstylestrings}[2]{
% #1: annotation codes
% #2: characters to define annotations for
% Create a macros of the form
%	\newcommand{\s##1##2}{\s{##1}{##2}} for each ##1 in #1 and each ##2 in #2
    \def\mydeftex##1{\expandafter\charfontstylemacro{##1}{#2}}
    \def\mydefalltex##1{\ifx\mydefalltex##1\else\mydeftex{##1}%
       \lowercase{\mydeftex{##1}}\expandafter\mydefalltex\fi}
    \expandafter \mydefalltex #1\mydefalltex
}

% default is to parse common font style/accent combinations
% but can be disabled with the minimal package option
\iffontcombos
\parsefontstylestrings{{b}{k}{d}{h}{t}{c}{o}{bk}{bd}{bc}{hk}{hd}{hc}{tk}{td}{tc}{ok}{od}{oc}}{\lowercaseRoman}
\parsefontstylestrings{{b}{k}{d}{h}{t}{c}{o}{bk}{bd}{bc}{hk}{hd}{hc}{tk}{td}{tc}{ok}{od}{oc}}{\uppercaseRoman}
\parsefontstylestrings{{b}{k}{d}{h}{t}{c}{o}{bk}{bd}{bc}{hk}{hd}{hc}{tk}{td}{tc}{ok}{od}{oc}}{\lowercaseGreek}
\parsefontstylestrings{{b}{k}{d}{h}{t}{c}{o}{bk}{bd}{bc}{hk}{hd}{hc}{tk}{td}{tc}{ok}{od}{oc}}{\uppercaseGreek}
\fi

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Commenting 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\makeatletter
% define comment commands only if commenters were specified
\ifdefined\shortex@commenters
% and only if the list of commenters isnt empty
\IfEq{\shortex@commenters}{}{}{
\newcounter{commentcolorcounter}
\newcommand{\definecommenters}[1]{
% extract the name of the next commenter in the list
\IfSubStr{#1}{,}{
% if there is a comma in the list string, split and take the first
\StrBefore{#1}{,}[\thiscommenter]
\StrBehind{#1}{,}[\remainingcommenters]
}{
% if there is no comma in the string, just keep the whole string
\StrDel{#1}{}[\thiscommenter]
\StrBehind{#1}{,}[\remainingcommenters]
}
% define a counter for this commenter, as well as functions to just display or increment
\expandarg\newcounter{commentcounter\thiscommenter}
\edef\displaycounter{\noexpand\noexpand\noexpand\arabic{commentcounter\thiscommenter}}
\edef\incdisplaycounter{\noexpand\noexpand\noexpand\stepcounter{commentcounter\thiscommenter}\noexpand\noexpand\noexpand\arabic{commentcounter\thiscommenter}}
\ifhidecomments
% if comments are hidden, just set the commenting commands to be no-ops
\expandafter\def\csname c\thiscommenter\endcsname##1{}
\expandafter\def\csname e\thiscommenter\endcsname##1{}
\expandafter\def\csname h\thiscommenter\endcsname##1{##1}
\expandafter\def\csname m\thiscommenter\endcsname##1{}
\else
%otherwise, set commenting commands to add comments
\expandafter\edef\csname c\thiscommenter\endcsname##1{\noexpand\textcolor{CommentColor\thecommentcolorcounter}{ {(\thiscommenter\incdisplaycounter)} ##1}}
\expandafter\edef\csname e\thiscommenter\endcsname##1{\noexpand\textcolor{CommentColor\thecommentcolorcounter}{{\noexpand\bf (\thiscommenter\incdisplaycounter) ##1}}}
\expandafter\edef\csname h\thiscommenter\endcsname##1{\noexpand\textcolor{CommentColor\thecommentcolorcounter}{##1}}
\expandafter\edef\csname m\thiscommenter\endcsname##1{%
\noexpand\textcolor{CommentColor\thecommentcolorcounter}{$\,^{(\noexpand\text{\thiscommenter}\incdisplaycounter)}$\noexpand\marginnote{\noexpand\tiny\noexpand\textcolor{CommentColor\thecommentcolorcounter}{(\thiscommenter\displaycounter) ##1}}}}
\fi
% if the color counter exceeded
\stepcounter{commentcolorcounter}
\ifnum\c@commentcolorcounter>\c@MaxCommentColor
\setcounter{commentcolorcounter}{0}
\fi
%% call this command on the remaining names in the list if there are any left
\IfEq{\remainingcommenters}{}{}{\definecommenters{\remainingcommenters}}
}
\definecommenters{\shortex@commenters}
}
\fi
\makeatother

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%% Delimiters
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% define shorthand lt, rt that fixes spacing around \left \right
% per https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/2607/spacing-around-left-and-right
% originally from Heiko Oberdiek, Re: spacing after \right) and before \left), newsgroup
% comp.text.tex, Message-ID: i6jcc2$8of$1@news.eternal-september.org,
% 2010-09-12.
% https://groups.google.com/group/comp.text.tex/msg/257aa6119bef878b
\newcommand{\lt}{\mathopen{}\mathclose\bgroup\left}
\newcommand{\rt}{\aftergroup\egroup\right}
\newcommand{\m}{\middle}
\newcommand{\lb}{\bigl}
\newcommand{\lB}{\Bigl}
\newcommand{\lbg}{\biggl}
\newcommand{\lBg}{\Biggl}
\newcommand{\rb}{\bigr}
\newcommand{\rB}{\Bigr}
\newcommand{\rbg}{\biggr}
\newcommand{\rBg}{\Biggr}

\DeclarePairedDelimiter\norm{\lVert}{\rVert}
\DeclarePairedDelimiter\inner{\langle}{\rangle}
\DeclarePairedDelimiter\ceil{\lceil}{\rceil}
\DeclarePairedDelimiter\floor{\lfloor}{\rfloor}
\DeclarePairedDelimiter\rbra{(}{)}
\DeclarePairedDelimiter\cbra{\{}{\}}
\DeclarePairedDelimiter\sbra{[}{]}
\DeclarePairedDelimiter\abs{\lvert}{\rvert}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Greek characters
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% original
\newcommand{\eps}{\epsilon}
\newcommand{\lam}{\lambda}
\newcommand{\Lam}{\Lambda}
\newcommand{\ups}{\upsilon}
\newcommand{\Ups}{\Upsilon}
% variants
\newcommand{\veps}{\varepsilon}
\newcommand{\vtheta}{\vartheta}
\newcommand{\vpi}{\varpi}
\newcommand{\vrho}{\varrho}
\newcommand{\vsigma}{\varsigma}
\newcommand{\vphi}{\varphi}
\newcommand{\vkappa}{\varkappa}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Abbreviations
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newcommand{\eg}{e.g.,\ }
\newcommand{\etal}{et al.\xspace}
\newcommand{\ie}{i.e.,\ }
\newcommand{\aka}{a.k.a.\ }

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Common Sets and Set Operations
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newcommand{\reals}{\ensuremath{\mathbb{R}}}
\newcommand{\xreals}{\overline{\reals}}
\newcommand{\ints}{\ensuremath{\mathbb{Z}}}
\newcommand{\rats}{\ensuremath{\mathbb{Q}}}
\newcommand{\nats}{\ensuremath{\mathbb{N}}}
\newcommand{\comps}{\ensuremath{\mathbb{C}}}
\newcommand{\msrs}{\mathcal{M}}
\newcommand{\pmsrs}{\mathcal{M}_1}
\newcommand{\union}{\bigcup}
\newcommand{\inter}{\bigcap}
\newcommand{\vol}{\operatorname{vol}}
\newcommand{\diam}{\operatorname{diam}}
\newcommand{\cl}{\operatorname{cl}}
\newcommand{\spann}{\operatorname{span}}
\newcommand{\bdry}{\partial}
\newcommand{\cone}{\operatorname{cone}}
\newcommand{\conv}{\operatorname{conv}}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Linear Algebra, Vectors, and Matrices
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\newcommand{\tr}{\operatorname{tr}}
\newcommand{\kron}{\operatorname{\otimes}}
\newcommand{\adjsym}{\dag} % adjoint symbol
\newcommand{\adj}{^{\adjsym}} % adjoint
\newcommand{\spec}{\operatorname{\sigma}}
\newcommand{\diag}{\operatorname{diag}}
\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}
\newcommand{\transposesym}{\top}
\newcommand{\T}{^{\transposesym}}
\newcommand{\nT}{^{-\transposesym}}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Calculus 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\let\oldd\d
\renewcommand\d{\ifmmode\mathrm{d}\else\oldd\fi} %make \d be mathrm{d} in math mode, usual defn as underdot(?) in text mode
\newcommand{\pd}{\partial}
\newcommand{\grad}{\nabla}
\newcommand{\der}[3][]{\ensuremath{\frac{{\d}^{#1} #2}{\d {#3}^{#1}}}}
\newcommand{\pder}[3][]{\ensuremath{\frac{{\pd}^{#1} #2}{\pd {#3}^{#1}}}}
\newcommand{\hes}[3]{\ensuremath{\frac{\pd^2 #1}{\pd #2 \pd #3}}}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Probability and Statistics 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% text shortcuts
\newcommand{\iid}{\textrm{i.i.d.}\@\xspace}
\newcommand{\as}{\textrm{a.s.}\@\xspace}
\newcommand{\aev}{\textrm{a.e.}\@\xspace}

% convergence
\newcommand{\convas}{\overset{a.s.}{\to}}
\newcommand{\convp}{\overset{p}{\to}}
\newcommand{\convd}{\overset{d}{\to}}
\newcommand{\eqd}{\overset{d}{=}}
\newcommand{\eqas}{\overset{a.s.}{=}}

% unary/functions
\let\oldP\P
\renewcommand\P{\ifmmode\mathbb{P}\else\oldP\fi} %make \P be mathbbP in math mode, usual defn as pilcrow in text mode
\newcommand{\E}{\mathbb{E}}	% expectation
\newcommand{\Var}{\operatorname{Var}}	% variance
\newcommand{\Cov}{\operatorname{Cov}}	% covariance
\newcommand{\Corr}{\operatorname{Corr}}	% correlation
\newcommand{\supp}{\operatorname{supp}} %support

% binary operators
\newcommand{\dist}{\sim}
\newcommand{\distiid}{\overset{\text{iid}}{\dist}}
\newcommand{\distind}{\overset{\text{ind}}{\dist}}

% independence
\def\independenT#1#2{\mathrel{\rlap{$#1#2$}\mkern4mu{#1#2}}}
\newcommand\indep{\protect\mathpalette{\protect\independenT}{\perp}} % independent

% divergences
\newcommand{\KL}{\operatorname{KL}}
\newcommand{\TV}{\operatorname{TV}}
\newcommand{\Wass}{\operatorname{W}}
\newcommand{\Hell}{\operatorname{H}}

% parametric distributions
\newcommand{\distNamed}[1]{{\mathrm{#1}}}
\newcommand{\Norm}{\mathcal{N}}
\newcommand{\StudentT}{\mathcal{T}}
\newcommand{\Wish}{\mathcal{W}}
\newcommand{\InvWish}{\mathcal{IW}}
\newcommand{\Lap}{\distNamed{Lap}}
\newcommand{\ChiSq}{\chi^2}
\newcommand{\Unif}{\distNamed{Unif}}
\newcommand{\Gam}{\distNamed{Gam}}
\newcommand{\Gum}{\distNamed{Gumbel}}
\newcommand{\GEV}{\distNamed{GEV}}
\newcommand{\Cat}{\distNamed{Categorical}}
\newcommand{\InvGam}{\distNamed{InvGam}}
\newcommand{\Poiss}{\distNamed{Poiss}}
\newcommand{\Exp}{\distNamed{Exp}}
\newcommand{\Beta}{\distNamed{Beta}}
\newcommand{\Dir}{\distNamed{Dir}}
\newcommand{\Binom}{\distNamed{Binom}}
\newcommand{\Multi}{\distNamed{Multi}}
\newcommand{\Bern}{\distNamed{Bern}}
\newcommand{\Geom}{\distNamed{Geom}}
\newcommand{\Cauchy}{\distNamed{Cauchy}}
\newcommand{\VMF}{\distNamed{vMF}}
% nonparametric distributions
\newcommand{\BeP}{\distNamed{BeP}}
\newcommand{\DP}{\distNamed{DP}}
\newcommand{\CRP}{\distNamed{CRP}}
\newcommand{\PYP}{\distNamed{PY}}
\newcommand{\GP}{{\distNamed{GP}}} 
\newcommand{\PP}{\distNamed{PP}}
\newcommand{\BP}{\distNamed{BP}}
\newcommand{\BPP}{\distNamed{BPP}}
\newcommand{\GamP}{\distNamed{\Gamma P}}
\newcommand{\NGamP}{\distNamed{N\Gamma P}}
\newcommand{\LP}{\distNamed{LP}}
\newcommand{\Obs}{\distNamed{Obs}}
\newcommand{\CRM}{\distNamed{CRM}}
\newcommand{\NCRM}{\distNamed{NCRM}}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Other
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\newcommand{\1}{\mathds{1}} % indicator function
\newcommand{\sgn}{\operatorname{sgn}} % sign function
% Words in math
\newcommand{\st}{\ \text{s.t.}\ }
\newcommand{\andd}{\ \text{and}\ }
\newcommand{\orr}{\ \text{or}\ }
\newcommand{\where}{\ \text{where}\ }
\newcommand{\with}{\ \text{with}\ }

% Min and max
\def\argmax{\operatornamewithlimits{arg\,max}}
\def\argmin{\operatornamewithlimits{arg\,min}}
\def\esssup{\operatornamewithlimits{ess\,sup}}
\def\essinf{\operatornamewithlimits{ess\,inf}}

% Equality operators
\mathtoolsset{centercolon}
%\newcommand{\definedas}{:=}
%\newcommand{\defines}{=:}
%
%% Fractions
%\newcommand{\half}{\ensuremath{\nicefrac{1}{2}}\xspace}
%\newcommand{\third}{\ensuremath{\nicefrac{1}{3}}\xspace}
%\newcommand{\quarter}{\ensuremath{\nicefrac{1}{4}}\xspace}
%
%\newcommand{\prox}[2]{\ensuremath{\operatorname{prox}_{#1}\rbra{#2}}}
%
%\newcommand*\pFq[2]{{}_{#1}F_{#2}}
%
%\DeclareMathOperator{\notimplies}{\centernot\implies}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Squeezed math
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% taken from https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/467942/how-to-squeeze-a-long-equation

\newcommand*\scalemuskip[2]{%
  \muexpr #1*\numexpr\dimexpr#2pt\relax\relax/65536\relax
} %% <- based on  https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/198966/156366

%% <- #1 is a number between 0 and 1
\newcommand*\squish[1]{% 
  \thickmuskip=\scalemuskip{\thickmuskip}{#1}%
  \medmuskip=\scalemuskip{\medmuskip}{#1}%
  \thinmuskip=\scalemuskip{\thinmuskip}{#1}%
  \nulldelimiterspace=#1\nulldelimiterspace
  \scriptspace=#1\scriptspace
}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Improved square root
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\let\oldsqrt\sqrt % rename \sqrt as \oldsqrt
\def\sqrt{\mathpalette\DHLhksqrt} % define the new \sqrt in terms of the old one
\def\DHLhksqrt#1#2{%
\setbox0=\hbox{$#1\oldsqrt{#2\,}$}\dimen0=\ht0
\advance\dimen0-0.2\ht0
\setbox2=\hbox{\vrule height\ht0 depth -\dimen0}%
{\box0\lower0.4pt\box2}}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Words/names with accents
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\def\cadlag{c\`adl\`ag\xspace}
\def\Gronwall{Gr\"onwall\xspace}
\def\Renyi{R\'enyi\xspace}
\def\Holder{H\"older\xspace}
\def\Ito{It\^o\xspace}
\def\Nystrom{Nystr\"om\xspace}
\def\Schatten{Sch\"atten\xspace}
\def\Matern{Mat\'ern\xspace}
\def\Frechet{Fr\'echet\xspace}
\def\Levy{L\'evy\xspace}