Install Maven
sudo apt install maven
To run the unit tests:
mvn test
| Term | Description |
|---|---|
| AES | Advanced Encryption Standard |
| Encryption | The process of encoding information making in away that makes it unreadable for unauthorized users. Plaintext -> Ciphertext |
| Decryption | The reverse process of encryption. It is the process of decoding the data which has been encrypted making it readable for authorized users. Ciphertext -> Plaintext |
| Cryptographic key/Key | Is a piece of information (a parameter) that determines the functional output of a cryptographic algorithm. |
| RSA | Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (Surnames of the creators) |
| Symmetric Cryptography/Symmetric-Key Cryptography | Makes use of the same cryptographic keys for both encryption of plaintext and decryption of ciphertext. |
| Asymmetric Cryptography/Public-Key Cryptography | Makes use of different cryptographic keys(pair of public and private keys) used for encryption of plaintext and decryption of ciphertext. |
| Public Key | A key that is available to the public. |
| Private Key | A key that is private and known only to the owner. |
| Cipher/Cypher | An algorithm for performing encryption or decryption. |
| Plaintext/Cleartext | An unencrypted information pending input into a cryptographic algorithm. |
| Ciphertext | The result of encryption performed on plaintext using an algorithm - Cipher. |
| Block Size | The length of the fixed length string of bits operated on by a Block Cipher. Both the input (plaintext) and output (ciphertext) are of the same length. |
| Key Size/Key Length | The number of bits in a key used by a cryptographic algorithm. |
| Rounds | In Block Ciphers, the number of times a cipher transformation is repeated over a block of plaintext to create a block of ciphertext. The number of rounds is determined by the key size/ key length. |
| Block Cipher | A Symmetric-Key Cipher which operates on a groups of bits of fixed length, called blocks. |
| Block Cipher Mode of Operation | Is an algorithm that uses a block cipher to provide information security such as confidentiality or authenticity. It describes how to repeatedly apply a cipher's single-block operation to securely transform amounts of data larger than a block. |
| Common Block Cipher Modes of Operation | ECB(Electronic Codebook), CBC(Cipher Block Chaining), PCBC(Propagating CBC[Cipher Block Chaining]), CFB(Cipher Feedback), OFB(Output Feedback), CTR(Counter) |
| Broken | When brute-force attack is feasible i.e A key with a given key size can be permutated in feasible time to generate a key that correctly decrypts a Ciphertext. |
| Brute-force attack | When an attacker guesses many keys with the hope of eventually guessing correctly usually using a supercomputer. |
- AES
Variants: AES-128, AES-192, AES-256
Key sizes: 128 bits, 192 bits, 256 bits
Block Size: 128 bits
Rounds: 10, 12 or 14 (depending on key size)
- RSA
Key sizes: 1,024 to 4,096 bit typical
Rounds: 1
| Term | Description |
|---|---|
| MD5 | Message-Digest Algorithm |
| SHA-1 | Secure Hash Algorithm 1 |
| SHA-2 | Secure Hash Algorithm 2 |
| SHA-3 | Secure Hash Algorithm 3 |
| HMAC | Keyed-Hash Message Authentication Code or Hash-Based Message Authentication Code |
| Cryptographic Hash function | A mathematical algorithm that maps data of arbitrary size to a bit string of a fixed size (a digest/hash) and is designed to be a one-way function - a function which is infeasible to invert. |
| Digest/Hash | The output of a Cryptographic Hash function. |
| Digest Size | The size of the output of a Cryptographic Hash function. |
| Block Size | The length of the fixed length string of bits operated on by a Cryptographic Hash function. |
| Rounds | In Cryptographic Hash functions, the number of times a digest transformation stage is repeated over a block of plaintext to create a digest. |
| Salt | Random data that is used as an additional input to a one-way function(Cryptographic Hash functions) that "hashes" data, a password or passphrase. |
| Data Integrity | Is the maintenance of, and the assurance of the accuracy and consistency of, data over its entire life-cycle. |
| Authentication | Guarantees that a message has not been modified while in transit (data integrity) and that the receiving party can verify the source of the message. |
| Broken | When a collision is found. i.e two different inputs generate the same hash usually using a supercomputer. |
-
MD5
Digest Size: 128 bit
Block Size: 512 bit
Rounds: 4/64 (depending of Point of View)
Broken: Yes -
SHA-1
Digest Size: 160 bit
Block Size: 512 bit
Rounds: 80
Broken: Yes -
SHA-2
Variants: SHA224, SHA256, SHA384, SHA512, SHA-512/224, SHA-512/256 Digest Size: [SHA-224: 224 bit], [SHA-256: 256 bit], [SHA-384: 384 bit], [SHA-512: 512 bit], [SHA-512/224: 224 bit], [SHA-512/256: 224 bit]
Block Size: [SHA-224,SHA-256: 512 bit], [SHA-384,SHA-512,SHA-512/224,SHA-512/256: 1024 bit_]
Rounds: [SHA-224,SHA-256: 64], [SHA-384,SHA-512,SHA-512/224,SHA-512/256: 80]
Broken: No -
SHA-3
Variants: SHA3-224, SHA3-256, SHA3-384, SHA3-512, SHAKE128, SHAKE256
Digest Size: [SHA3-224: 224 bit], [SHA3-256: 256 bit], [SHA3-384: 384 bit], [SHA3-512: 512 bit], [SHAKE128,SHAKE256: d (arbitrary) bit]
Block Size: [SHA3-224: 1152 bit], [SHA3-256: 1088 bit], [SHA3-384: 832 bit], [SHA3-512: 576 bit], [SHAKE128: 1344 bit], [SHAKE256: 1088 bit]
Rounds: 24
Broken: No
| Term | Description |
|---|---|
| Binary-to-text Encoding | Encoding of data in plaintext. More precisely, it is an encoding of binary data(bytes/bits) in a sequence of printable characters. |
| Base64 | A group of similar binary-to-text encoding schemes that represent binary data in an ASCII string format by translating it into a radix-64 representation. Each Base64 digit represents exactly 6 bits of data. Three 8-bit bytes (i.e., a total of 24 bits) can therefore be represented by four 6-bit Base64 digits. |
| URL encoding/Percent-encoding | A mechanism for encoding information in a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) under certain circumstances. |
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Note: A hash function is not an encryption/decryption function.
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