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references.bib
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@report{departmentfortransport_cycle_2020,
title = {Cycle Infrastructure Design ({{LTN}} 1/20)},
author = {{Department for Transport}},
date = {2020},
series = {Local {{Transport Note}}},
number = {1/20},
pages = {188},
location = {{London}},
url = {https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/904088/cycle-infrastructure-design-ltn-1-20.pdf},
langid = {english},
file = {/home/robin/Zotero/storage/FJDCKFMH/2020 - Cycle Infrastructure Design.pdf}
}
@report{departmentfortransport_manual_2007,
title = {Manual for Streets},
author = {{Department for Transport}},
date = {2007},
institution = {{Telford}},
location = {{London}},
url = {https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/341513/pdfmanforstreets.pdf},
langid = {english},
annotation = {OCLC: 255672939},
file = {/home/robin/Zotero/storage/HDAPK9VV/Großbritannien - 2007 - Manual for streets.pdf}
}
@article{ferster_using_2020,
title = {Using {{OpenStreetMap}} to Inventory Bicycle Infrastructure: A Comparison with Open Data from Cities},
shorttitle = {Using {{OpenStreetMap}} to Inventory Bicycle Infrastructure},
author = {Ferster, Colin and Fischer, Jaimy and Manaugh, Kevin and Nelson, Trisalyn and Winters, Meghan},
date = {2020-01-02},
journaltitle = {International Journal of Sustainable Transportation},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {64--73},
publisher = {{Taylor \& Francis}},
issn = {1556-8318},
doi = {10.1080/15568318.2018.1519746},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2018.1519746},
urldate = {2020-08-29},
abstract = {ABSTARCTWith rapid growth in bicycling, timely and spatially rich bicycling infrastructure data are essential for understanding determinants of ridership, equity of access, and potential for future developments. OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a collaborative global map that was built by volunteers and is promising for active transportation research. In this article, we use OSM to inventory bicycling infrastructure in six Canadian cities, compare it to municipal open data, and provide guidance for practitioners using OSM data. We conducted an evaluation of OSM and open data, overall and for four categories of bicycle infrastructure: cycle tracks; on-street bicycle lanes; paths (bicycle only or multiuse); and local street bikeways. We found that the concordance in terms of total length of OSM infrastructure to open data infrastructure very high in two of the six cities ({$<$} ±2\%), and reasonably high in all cities (maximum difference ±30\%). Concordance for infrastructure categories was highest for on-street bicycle lanes, which were the most common, and easily identifiable type of bicycle infrastructure in the OSM data, and lowest for cycle tracks and local street bikeways, both of which are new or relatively rare infrastructure types in some Canadian cities. In some cases, OSM was more detailed and timely than open data. A challenge in OSM is consistent tagging of bicycle infrastructure types. We encourage practitioners to consider OSM data for multicity studies, but to be mindful of potential inconsistencies in attribution and local definitions. We also recommend users of OSM to publish data queries for repeatability.},
keywords = {Bicycling,citizen science,data quality,infrastructure,OpenStreetMap},
annotation = {\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2018.1519746},
file = {/home/robin/Zotero/storage/2496R97M/15568318.2018.html}
}
@article{goodman_walking_2013,
title = {Walking, {{Cycling}} and {{Driving}} to {{Work}} in the {{English}} and {{Welsh}} 2011 {{Census}}: Trends, {{Socio}}-{{Economic Patterning}} and {{Relevance}} to {{Travel Behaviour}} in {{General}}},
author = {Goodman, Anna},
editor = {Zhang, Harry},
date = {2013-08},
journaltitle = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {8},
number = {8},
pages = {e71790},
issn = {1932-6203},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0071790},
url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0071790},
file = {/home/robin/Zotero/storage/8S2EQWWI/Goodman - 2013 - Walking, Cycling and Driving to Work in the English and Welsh 2011 Census Trends, Socio-Economic Patterning and Relevan.pdf}
}
@article{haklay_how_2010a,
title = {How Good Is Volunteered Geographical Information? A Comparative Study of {{OpenStreetMap}} and {{Ordnance Survey}} Datasets},
author = {Haklay, Mordechai},
date = {2010},
journaltitle = {Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design},
volume = {37},
number = {4},
pages = {682--703},
issn = {0265-8135},
doi = {10.1068/b35097},
url = {http://www.envplan.com/abstract.cgi?id=b35097}
}
@article{lovelace_methods_2020,
ids = {Lovelace2020Methods},
title = {Methods to {{Prioritise Pop}}-up {{Active Transport Infrastructure}}},
author = {Lovelace, Robin and Talbot, Joseph and Morgan, Malcolm and Lucas-Smith, Martin},
date = {2020-07-08},
journaltitle = {Transport Findings},
shortjournal = {Transport Findings},
pages = {13421},
publisher = {{Network Design Lab}},
doi = {10.32866/001c.13421},
url = {https://transportfindings.org/article/13421-methods-to-prioritise-pop-up-active-transport-infrastructure},
urldate = {2020-07-08},
abstract = {In the context of reduced public transport capacity in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, governments are scrambling to enable walking and cycling while adhering to physical distancing guidelines. Many pop-up options exist. Of these, road space reallocation represents a ‘quick win’ for cities with ‘spare space’ along continuous road sections that have high latent cycling potential. We developed methods to condense the complexity of city networks down to the most promising roads for road space reallocation schemes. The resulting Rapid Cycleway Prioritisation Tool has been deployed for all cities in England to help prioritise emergency funds for new cycleways nationwide. The methods and concepts could be used to support investment in pop-up infrastructure in cities worldwide.},
langid = {english},
file = {/home/robin/Zotero/storage/LUTQ95M3/Lovelace et al. - 2020 - Methods to Prioritise Pop-up Active Transport Infr.pdf;/home/robin/Zotero/storage/PQ9Y4INZ/13421-methods-to-prioritise-pop-up-active-transport-infrastructure.html}
}
@article{lovelace_open_2020,
ids = {lovelace_open_2020a},
title = {Open Access Transport Models: A Leverage Point in Sustainable Transport Planning},
shorttitle = {Open Access Transport Models},
author = {Lovelace, Robin and Parkin, John and Cohen, Tom},
date = {2020-10-01},
journaltitle = {Transport Policy},
shortjournal = {Transport Policy},
volume = {97},
pages = {47--54},
issn = {0967-070X},
doi = {10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.06.015},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967070X19302781},
urldate = {2020-08-04},
abstract = {A large and growing body of evidence suggests fundamental changes are needed in transport systems, to tackle issues such as air pollution, physical inactivity and climate change. Transport models can play a major role in tackling these issues through the transport planning process, but they have historically been focussed on motorised modes (especially cars) and available only to professional transport planners working within the existing paradigm. Building on the principles of open access software, first developed in the context of geographic information systems, this paper develops and discusses the concept of open access transport models, which we define as models that are both developed using open source software and are available to be used by the public without the need for specialist training or the purchase of software licences. We explore the future potential of open access transport models to support the transition away from fossil fuels in the transport sector. We do this with reference to the literature on the use of tools in the planning process, and by exploring an example that is already in use: the ‘Propensity to Cycle Tool’. We conclude that open access transport models can be a leverage point in the planning process due to their ability to provide robust, transparent and actionable evidence that is available to a range of stakeholders, not just professional transport planners. Open access transport models represent a disruptive technology deserving further research and development, by planners, researchers and citizen scientists, including open source software developers and advocacy groups but, in order to fulfil their potential, they will require both financial and policy support from government bodies.},
langid = {english},
keywords = {Accessible models,Cycling,Demand modelling,Open access data,Open access models,Open access software,Sustainable transport,Transport planning},
file = {/home/robin/Zotero/storage/MNB2VCS6/Lovelace et al. - 2020 - Open access transport models A leverage point in .pdf;/home/robin/Zotero/storage/VPTJXKA6/Lovelace et al. - 2020 - Open access transport models A leverage point in .pdf;/home/robin/Zotero/storage/9TKN7ZXD/S0967070X19302781.html;/home/robin/Zotero/storage/MJ3A6X2A/S0967070X19302781.html}
}
@article{lovelace_open_2021,
title = {Open Source Tools for Geographic Analysis in Transport Planning},
author = {Lovelace, Robin},
date = {2021-01-16},
journaltitle = {Journal of Geographical Systems},
shortjournal = {J Geogr Syst},
issn = {1435-5949},
doi = {10.1007/s10109-020-00342-2},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10109-020-00342-2},
urldate = {2021-01-17},
abstract = {Geographic analysis has long supported transport plans that are appropriate to local contexts. Many incumbent ‘tools of the trade’ are proprietary and were developed to support growth in motor traffic, limiting their utility for transport planners who have been tasked with twenty-first century objectives such as enabling citizen participation, reducing pollution, and increasing levels of physical activity by getting more people walking and cycling. Geographic techniques—such as route analysis, network editing, localised impact assessment and interactive map visualisation—have great potential to support modern transport planning priorities. The aim of this paper is to explore emerging open source tools for geographic analysis in transport planning, with reference to the literature and a review of open source tools that are already being used. A key finding is that a growing number of options exist, challenging the current landscape of proprietary tools. These can be classified as command-line interface, graphical user interface or web-based user interface tools and by the framework in which they were implemented, with numerous tools released as R, Python and JavaScript packages, and QGIS plugins. The review found a diverse and rapidly evolving ‘ecosystem’ tools, with 25 tools that were designed for geographic analysis to support transport planning outlined in terms of their popularity and functionality based on online documentation. They ranged in size from single-purpose tools such as the QGIS plugin AwaP to sophisticated stand-alone multi-modal traffic simulation software such as MATSim, SUMO and Veins. Building on their ability to re-use the most effective components from other open source projects, developers of open source transport planning tools can avoid ‘reinventing the wheel’ and focus on innovation, the ‘gamified’ A/B Street https://github.com/dabreegster/abstreet/\#abstreetsimulation software, based on OpenStreetMap, a case in point. The paper, the source code of which can be found at https://github.com/robinlovelace/open-gat, concludes that, although many of the tools reviewed are still evolving and further research is needed to understand their relative strengths and barriers to uptake, open source tools for geographic analysis in transport planning already hold great potential to help generate the strategic visions of change and evidence that is needed by transport planners in the twenty-first century.},
langid = {english},
file = {/home/robin/Zotero/storage/MPFQPMW8/Lovelace - 2021 - Open source tools for geographic analysis in trans.pdf}
}
@report{lovelace_reproducible_2020,
ids = {lovelace_reproducible_2020a},
title = {Reproducible Road Safety Research with {{R}}},
author = {Lovelace, Robin},
date = {2020},
pages = {102},
institution = {{Royal Automotive Club Foundation}},
url = {https://www.racfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/Reproducible_road_safety_research_with_R_Lovelace_December_2020.pdf},
langid = {english},
file = {/home/robin/Zotero/storage/4F5XH3KS/Lovelace - Reproducible road safety research with R.pdf;/home/robin/Zotero/storage/56B6K334/Lovelace - Reproducible road safety research with R.pdf}
}
@online{lucas-smith_mapping_2021,
title = {Mapping Modal Filters and {{LTNs}}},
author = {Lucas-Smith, Martin and Nuttall, Simon},
date = {2021-07-25T21:29:29+00:00},
url = {https://www.cyclestreets.org/news/2021/07/25/mapping-ltns/},
urldate = {2021-09-23},
abstract = {Modal filters – measures such as bollards, gates, cycle contraflows, etc., are important ways to prevent motor traffic passing through residential areas. They have been much in the news recently, but are in fact very common, and have been in existence since at least the 1980s. However, there is no national mapping data on where [...]},
langid = {british},
organization = {{CycleStreets Ltd}},
file = {/home/robin/Zotero/storage/8CHMCW53/mapping-ltns.html}
}
@article{orozco_datadriven_2020,
title = {Data-Driven Strategies for Optimal Bicycle Network Growth},
author = {Orozco, Luis and Battiston, Federico and Iñiguez, Gerardo and Szell, Michael},
date = {2020-12-01},
journaltitle = {Royal Society Open Science},
shortjournal = {Royal Society Open Science},
volume = {7},
pages = {201130},
doi = {10.1098/rsos.201130},
abstract = {Urban transportation networks, from pavements and bicycle paths to streets and railways, provide the backbone for movement and socioeconomic life in cities. To make urban transport sustainable, cities are increasingly investing to develop their bicycle networks. However, it is yet unclear how to extend them comprehensively and effectively given a limited budget. Here we investigate the structure of bicycle networks in cities around the world, and find that they consist of hundreds of disconnected patches, even in cycling-friendly cities like Copenhagen. To connect these patches, we develop and apply data-driven, algorithmic network growth strategies, showing that small but focused investments allow to significantly increase the connectedness and directness of urban bicycle networks. We introduce two greedy algorithms to add the most critical missing links in the bicycle network focusing on connectedness, and show that they outmatch both a random approach and a baseline minimum investment strategy. Our computational approach outlines novel pathways from car-centric towards sustainable cities by taking advantage of urban data available on a city-wide scale. It is a first step towards a quantitative consolidation of bicycle infrastructure development that can become valuable for urban planners and stakeholders.},
file = {/home/robin/Zotero/storage/YX7HUDGA/Orozco et al. - 2020 - Data-driven strategies for optimal bicycle network.pdf}
}
@book{parkin_designing_2018,
title = {Designing for {{Cycle Traffic}}: International {{Principles}} and {{Practice}}},
shorttitle = {Designing for {{Cycle Traffic}}},
author = {Parkin, John},
date = {2018},
publisher = {{ICE Publishing}},
url = {https://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/isbn/9780727763495},
abstract = {Designing for Cycle Traffic compares and evaluates international principles and practices for designing for cycle traffic. It sets design for cycling in the wider context of public realm design, traffic planning, traffic engineering and traffic management. Coverage includes: (1) principles for design to ensure inclusivity; (2) planning processes for cycle route networks; (3) design approaches, including capacity calculations for links and junctions, roundabouts and crossings, and signal control; and (4) modelling and level of service assessment approaches. Each chapter is extensively illustrated, provides a concise overview of the topic, and includes an introductory overview and summary of chapter highlights. Written in an accessible style by an established international authority, Designing for Cycle Traffic is essential reading for students, designers and planners in the fields of traffic and highway engineering, spatial and transport planning, architecture and urban design.},
isbn = {978-0-7277-6349-5},
langid = {english},
pagetotal = {248}
}
@report{tait_cycling_2022,
ids = {tait_cycling_a},
title = {Is Cycling Infrastructure in {{London}} Safe and Equitable? Evidence from the {{Cycling Infrastructure Database}}},
author = {Tait, Caroline and Beecham, Roger and Lovelace, Robin and Barber, Stuart},
date = {2022},
file = {/home/robin/Zotero/storage/6RXF737I/cid-data-ct-2021-09.pdf;/home/robin/Zotero/storage/J538CSU7/Tait et al. - Is cycling infrastructure in London safe and equit.pdf}
}