README.rst

collective.exportimport

Export and import content, members, relations, translations, localroles and much more.

Export and import all kinds of data from and to Plone sites using a intermediate json-format. The main use-case is migrations since it enables you to for example migrate from Plone 4 with Archetypes and Python 2 to Plone 6 with Dexterity and Python 3 in one step. Most features use plone.restapi to serialize and deserialize data.

See also the training on migrating with exportimport: https://training.plone.org/migrations/exportimport.html

Contents

• Features
• Installation
  • Python 2 compatibility
• Usage
  • Export
  • Import
  • Export- and import locations
• Use-cases
  • Migrations
  • Other
• Details
  • Export content
  • Import content
  • Use for migrations
  • Control creating imported content
  • Export versioned content
• Notes on speed and large migrations
• Format of export and import of content
• Customize export and import
  • Export Example
  • Import Example
  • Automate export and import
• FAQ, Tips and Tricks
  • Using global_obj_hook during export
  • Using dict-hooks during export
  • Export/Import placeful workflow policy
  • Using dict-hooks during import
  • Change workflow
  • Export/Import Annotations
  • Export/Import Marker Interfaces
  • Skip versioning during import
  • Dealing with validation errors
    • Use a simple setter
    • Defer import
  • Handle LinguaPlone content
  • Alternative ways to handle items without parent
  • Export/Import Zope Users
  • Export/Import properties, registry-settings and installed add-ons
    • Export/Import installed settings and add-ons
    • Export/Import registry settings
  • Migrate PloneFormGen to Easyform
  • Export and import collective.cover content
  • Fixing invalid collection queries
  • Migrate to Volto
  • Migrate very old Plone Versions with data created by collective.jsonify
    • Export with collective.jsonify
    • Import with collective.jsonify
• Translations
• Contribute
  • Support
  • License
• Written by

Features

• Export & Import content
• Export & Import members and groups with their roles
• Export & Import relations
• Export & Import translations
• Export & Import local roles
• Export & Import order (position in parent)
• Export & Import discussions/comments
• Export & Import versioned content
• Export & Import redirects

Export supports:

• Plone 4, 5 and 6
• Archetypes and Dexterity
• Python 2 and 3
• plone.app.multilingual, Products.LinguaPlone, raptus.multilanguagefields

Import supports:

• Plone 5.2+, Dexterity, Python 2 and 3, plone.app.multilingual

Installation

Install collective.exportimport as you would install any other Python package.

You don't need to activate the add-on in the Site Setup Add-ons control panel to be able to use the forms @@export_content and @@import_content in your site.

If you need help, see: - for Plone 4: https://4.docs.plone.org/adapt-and-extend/install_add_ons.html - for Plone 5: https://5.docs.plone.org/manage/installing/installing_addons.html - for Plone 6: https://6.docs.plone.org/install/manage-add-ons-packages.html

Python 2 compatibility

This package is compatible with Python 3 and Python 2. Depending on the Python version different versions of it's dependencies will be installed. If you run into problems, file an issue at: https://github.com/collective/collective.exportimport/issues

Usage

Export

Use the form with the URL /@@export_content, and select what you want to export:

You can export one or more types and a whole site or only a specific path in a site. Since items are exported ordered by path importing them will create the same structure as you had originally.

The downloaded json-file will have the name of the path you exported from, e.g. Plone.json.

The exports for members, relations, localroles and relations are linked to in this form but can also be called individually: /@@export_members, /@@export_relations, /@@export_localroles, /@@export_translations, /@@export_ordering, /@@export_discussion.

Import

Use the form with the URL /@@import_content, and upload a json-file that you want to import:

The imports for members, relations, localroles and relations are linked to in this form but can also be called individually: /@@import_members, /@@import_relations, /@@import_localroles, /@@import_translations, /@@import_ordering, /@@import_discussion.

As a last step in a migration there is another view @@reset_dates that resets the modified date on imported content to the date initially contained in the imported json-file. This is necessary since varous changes during a migration will likely result in a updated modified-date. During import the original is stored as obj.modification_date_migrated on each new object and this view sets this date.

Export- and import locations

If you select 'Save to file on server', the Export view will save json files in the <var> directory of your Plone instanc in /var/instance. The import view will look for files under /var/instance/import. These directories will normally be different, under different Plone instances and possibly on different servers.

You can set the environment variable 'COLLECTIVE_EXPORTIMPORT_CENTRAL_DIRECTORY' to add a 'shared' directory on one server or maybe network share. With this variable set, collective.exportimport will both save to and load .json files from the same server directory. This saves time not having to move .json files around from the export- to the import location. You should be aware that the Export views will overwrite any existing previous .json file export that have the same name.

Use-cases

Migrations

When a in-place-migration is not required you can choose this add-on to migrate the most important parts of your site to json and then import it into a new Plone instance of your targeted version:

• Export content from a Plone site (it supports Plone 4 and 5, Archetypes and Dexterity, Python 2 and 3).
• Import the exported content into a new site (Plone 5.2+, Dexterity, Python 3)
• Export and import relations, users and groups with their roles, translations, local roles, ordering, default-pages, comments, portlets and redirects.

How to migrate additional features like Annotations or Marker Interfaces is discussed in the FAQ section.

Other

You can use this add-on to

• Archive your content as JSON.
• Export data to prepare a migration to another system.
• Combine content from multiple plone-sites into one.
• Import a plone-site as a subsite into another.
• Import content from other systems as long as it fits the required format.
• Update or replace existing data.

Details

Export content

Exporting content is basically a wrapper for the serializers of plone.restapi:

from plone.restapi.interfaces import ISerializeToJson
from zope.component import getMultiAdapter

serializer = getMultiAdapter((obj, request), ISerializeToJson)
data = serializer(include_items=False)

Import content

Importing content is a elaborate wrapper for the deserializers of plone.restapi:

from plone.restapi.interfaces import IDeserializeFromJson
from zope.component import getMultiAdapter

container.invokeFactory(item['@type'], item['id'])
deserializer = getMultiAdapter((new, self.request), IDeserializeFromJson)
new = deserializer(validate_all=False, data=item)

Use for migrations

A main use-case of this package is migration from one Plone-Version to another.

Exporting Archetypes content and importing that as Dexterity content works fine but due to changes in field-names some settings would get lost. For example the setting to exclude content from the navigation was renamed from excludeFromNav to exclude_from_nav.

To fix this you can check the checkbox "Modify exported data for migrations". This will modify the data during export:

• Drop unused data (e.g. next_item and components)
• Remove all relation fields
• Change some field names that changed between Archetypes and Dexterity
  • excludeFromNav → exclude_from_nav
  • allowDiscussion → allow_discussion
  • subject → subjects
  • expirationDate → expires
  • effectiveDate → effective
  • creation_date → created
  • modification_date → modified
  • startDate → start
  • endDate → end
  • openEnd → open_end
  • wholeDay → whole_day
  • contactEmail → contact_email
  • contactName → contact_name
  • contactPhone → contact_phone
• Update view names on Folders and Collection that changed since Plone 4.
• Export ATTopic and their criteria to Collections with querystrings.
• Update Collection-criteria.
• Links and images in Richtext-Fields of content and portlets have changes since Plone 4. the view /@@fix_html allows you to fix these.

Control creating imported content

You can choose between four options how to deal with content that already exists:

• Skip: Don't import at all
• Replace: Delete item and create new
• Update: Reuse and only overwrite imported data
• Ignore: Create with a new id

Imported content is initially created with invokeFactory using portal_type and id of the exported item before deserializing the rest of the data. You can set additional values by specifying a dict factory_kwargs that will be passed to the factory. Like this you can set values on the imported object that are expected to be there by subscribers to IObjectAddedEvent.

Export versioned content

Exporting versions of Archetypes content will not work because of a bug in plone.restapi (plone/plone.restapi#1335). For export to work you need to use a version between 7.7.0 and 8.0.0 (if released) or a source-checkout of the branch 7.x.x.

Notes on speed and large migrations

Exporting and importing large amounts of content can take a while. Export is pretty fast but import is constrained by some features of Plone, most importantly versioning:

• Importing 5000 Folders takes ~5 minutes
• Importing 5000 Documents takes >25 minutes because of versioning.
• Importing 5000 Documents without versioning takes ~7 minutes.

During import you can commit every x number of items which will free up memory and disk-space in your TMPDIR (where blobs are added before each commit).

When exporting large numbers of blobs (binary files and images) you will get huge json-files and may run out of memory. You have various options to deal with this. The best way depends on how you are going to import the blobs:

• Export as download urls: small download, but collective.exportimport cannot import the blobs, so you will need an own import script to download them.
• Export as base-64 encoded strings: large download, but collective.exportimport can handle the import.
• Export as blob paths: small download and collective.exportimport can handle the import, but you need to copy var/blobstorage to the Plone Site where you do the import or set the environment variable COLLECTIVE_EXPORTIMPORT_BLOB_HOME to the old blobstorage path: export COLLECTIVE_EXPORTIMPORT_BLOB_HOME=/path-to-old-instance/var/blobstorage. To export the blob-path you do not need to have access to the blobs!

Format of export and import of content

By default all content is exported to and imported from one large json-file. To inspect such very large json-files without performance-issues you can use klogg (https://klogg.filimonov.dev).

Since version 1.10 collective.exportimport also supports exporting and importing each content item as a separate json-file. To use that select Save each item as a separate file on the server in the form or specify download_to_server=2 when calling the export in python. In the import-form you can manually select a directory on the server or specify server_directory="/mydir" when calling the import in python.

Customize export and import

This add-on is designed to be adapted to your requirements and has multiple hooks to make that easy.

To make that easier here are packages you can reuse to override and extend the export and import. Use these templates and adapt them to your own projects:

• https://github.com/starzel/contentexport
• https://github.com/starzel/contentimport

Many examples for customizing the export and import are collected in the chapter "FAQ, Tips and Tricks" below.

Note

As a rule of thumb you should make changes to the data during import unless you need access to the original object for the required changes. One reason is that this way the serialized content in the json-file more closely represents the original data. Another reason is that it allows you to fix issues during the process you are currently developing (i.e. without having to redo the export).

Export Example

from collective.exportimport.export_content import ExportContent

class CustomExportContent(ExportContent):

    QUERY = {
        'Document': {'review_state': ['published', 'pending']},
    }

    DROP_PATHS = [
        '/Plone/userportal',
        '/Plone/en/obsolete_content',
    ]

    DROP_UIDS = [
        '71e3e0a6f06942fea36536fbed0f6c42',
    ]

    def update(self):
        """Use this to override stuff before the export starts
        (e.g. force a specific language in the request)."""

    def start(self):
        """Hook to do something before export."""

    def finish(self):
        """Hook to do something after export."""

    def global_obj_hook(self, obj):
        """Inspect the content item before serialisation data.
        Bad: Changing the content-item is a horrible idea.
        Good: Return None if you want to skip this particular object.
        """
        return obj

    def global_dict_hook(self, item, obj):
        """Use this to modify or skip the serialized data.
        Return None if you want to skip this particular object.
        """
        return item

    def dict_hook_document(self, item, obj):
        """Use this to modify or skip the serialized data by type.
        Return the modified dict (item) or None if you want to skip this particular object.
        """
        return item

Register it with your own browserlayer to override the default.

<browser:page
    name="export_content"
    for="zope.interface.Interface"
    class=".custom_export.CustomExportContent"
    layer="My.Custom.IBrowserlayer"
    permission="cmf.ManagePortal"
    />

Import Example

from collective.exportimport.import_content import ImportContent

class CustomImportContent(ImportContent):

    CONTAINER = {'Event': '/imported-events'}

    # These fields will be ignored
    DROP_FIELDS = ['relatedItems']

    # Items with these uid will be ignored
    DROP_UIDS = ['04d1477583c74552a7fcd81a9085c620']

    # These paths will be ignored
    DROP_PATHS = ['/Plone/doormat/', '/Plone/import_files/']

    # Default values for some fields
    DEFAULTS = {'which_price': 'normal'}

    def start(self):
        """Hook to do something before importing one file."""

    def finish(self):
        """Hook to do something after importing one file."""

    def global_dict_hook(self, item):
        if isinstance(item.get('description', None), dict):
            item['description'] = item['description']['data']
        if isinstance(item.get('rights', None), dict):
            item['rights'] = item['rights']['data']
        return item

    def dict_hook_customtype(self, item):
        # change the type
        item['@type'] = 'anothertype'
        # drop a field
        item.pop('experiences', None)
        return item

    def handle_file_container(self, item):
        """Use this to specify the container in which to create the item in.
        Return the container for this particular object.
        """
        return self.portal['imported_files']

Register it:

<browser:page
    name="import_content"
    for="zope.interface.Interface"
    class=".custom_import.CustomImportContent"
    layer="My.Custom.IBrowserlayer"
    permission="cmf.ManagePortal"
    />

Automate export and import

Run all exports and save all data in var/instance/:

from plone import api
from Products.Five import BrowserView

class ExportAll(BrowserView):

    def __call__(self):
        export_content = api.content.get_view("export_content", self.context, self.request)
        self.request.form["form.submitted"] = True
        export_content(
            portal_type=["Folder", "Document", "News Item", "File", "Image"],  # only export these
            include_blobs=2,  # Export files and images as blob paths
            download_to_server=True)

        other_exports = [
            "export_relations",
            "export_members",
            "export_translations",
            "export_localroles",
            "export_ordering",
            "export_defaultpages",
            "export_discussion",
            "export_portlets",
            "export_redirects",
        ]
        for name in other_exports:
            view = api.content.get_view(name, portal, request)
            # This saves each export in var/instance/export_xxx.json
            view(download_to_server=True)

        # Important! Redirect to prevent infinite export loop :)
        return self.request.response.redirect(self.context.absolute_url())

Run all imports using the data exported in the example above:

from collective.exportimport.fix_html import fix_html_in_content_fields
from collective.exportimport.fix_html import fix_html_in_portlets
from pathlib import Path
from plone import api
from Products.Five import BrowserView


class ImportAll(BrowserView):

    def __call__(self):
        portal = api.portal.get()

        # Import content
        view = api.content.get_view("import_content", portal, request)
        request.form["form.submitted"] = True
        request.form["commit"] = 500
        view(server_file="Plone.json", return_json=True)
        transaction.commit()

        # Run all other imports
        other_imports = [
            "relations",
            "members",
            "translations",
            "localroles",
            "ordering",
            "defaultpages",
            "discussion",
            "portlets",
            "redirects",
        ]
        cfg = getConfiguration()
        directory = Path(cfg.clienthome) / "import"
        for name in other_imports:
            view = api.content.get_view(f"import_{name}", portal, request)
            path = Path(directory) / f"export_{name}.json"
            results = view(jsonfile=path.read_text(), return_json=True)
            logger.info(results)
            transaction.commit()

        # Run cleanup steps
        results = fix_html_in_content_fields()
        logger.info("Fixed html for %s content items", results)
        transaction.commit()

        results = fix_html_in_portlets()
        logger.info("Fixed html for %s portlets", results)
        transaction.commit()

        reset_dates = api.content.get_view("reset_dates", portal, request)
        reset_dates()
        transaction.commit()

Note

The views @@export_all and @@import_all are also contained in the helper-packages https://github.com/starzel/contentexport and https://github.com/starzel/contentimport

FAQ, Tips and Tricks

This section covers frequent use-cases and examples for features that are not required for all migrations.

Using global_obj_hook during export

Using global_obj_hook during export to inspect content and decide to skip it.

def global_obj_hook(self, obj):
    # Drop subtopics
    if obj.portal_type == "Topic" and obj.__parent__.portal_type == "Topic":
        return

    # Drop files and images from PFG formfolders
    if obj.__parent__.portal_type == "FormFolder":
        return
    return obj

Using dict-hooks during export

Use global_dict_hook during export to inspect content and modify the serialized json. You can also use dict_hook_<somecontenttype> to better structure your code for readability.

Sometimes you need to handle data that you add in global_dict_hook during export in corresponding code in global_object_hook during import.

The following example about placeful workflow policy is a perfect example for that pattern:

Export/Import placeful workflow policy

Export:

def global_dict_hook(self, item, obj):
    if obj.isPrincipiaFolderish and ".wf_policy_config" in obj.keys():
        wf_policy = obj[".wf_policy_config"]
        item["exportimport.workflow_policy"] = {
            "workflow_policy_below": wf_policy.workflow_policy_below,
            "workflow_policy_in": wf_policy.workflow_policy_in,
        }
    return item

Import:

def global_obj_hook(self, obj, item):
    wf_policy = item.get("exportimport.workflow_policy")
    if wf_policy:
        obj.manage_addProduct["CMFPlacefulWorkflow"].manage_addWorkflowPolicyConfig()
        wf_policy_config = obj[".wf_policy_config"]
        wf_policy_config.setPolicyIn(wf_policy["workflow_policy_in"], update_security=True)
        wf_policy_config.setPolicyBelow(wf_policy["workflow_policy_below"], update_security=True)

Using dict-hooks during import

A lot of fixes can be done during import using the global_dict_hook or dict_hook_<contenttype>.

Here we prevent the expire-date to be before the effective date since that would lead to validation-errors during deserializing:

def global_dict_hook(self, item):
    effective = item.get('effective', None)
    expires = item.get('expires', None)
    if effective and expires and expires <= effective:
        item.pop('expires')
    return item

Here we drop empty lines from the creators:

def global_dict_hook(self, item):
    item["creators"] = [i for i in item.get("creators", []) if i]
    return item

This example migrates a PloneHelpCenter to a simple folder/document structure during import. There are a couple more types to handle (as folder or document) but you get the idea, don't you?

def dict_hook_helpcenter(self, item):
    item["@type"] = "Folder"
    item["layout"] = "listing_view"
    return item

def dict_hook_helpcenterglossary(self, item):
    item["@type"] = "Folder"
    item["layout"] = "listing_view"
    return item

def dict_hook_helpcenterinstructionalvideo(self, item):
    item["@type"] = "File"
    if item.get("video_file"):
        item["file"] = item["video_file"]
    return item

def dict_hook_helpcenterlink(self, item):
    item["@type"] = "Link"
    item["remoteUrl"] = item.get("url", None)
    return item

def dict_hook_helpcenterreferencemanualpage(self, item):
    item["@type"] = "Document"
    return item

If you change types during import you need to take care of other cases where types are referenced.Examples are collection-queries (see "Fixing invalid collection queries" below) or constrains (see here):

PORTAL_TYPE_MAPPING = {
    "Topic": "Collection",
    "FormFolder": "EasyForm",
    "HelpCenter": "Folder",
}

def global_dict_hook(self, item):
    if item.get("exportimport.constrains"):
        types_fixed = []
        for portal_type in item["exportimport.constrains"]["locally_allowed_types"]:
            if portal_type in PORTAL_TYPE_MAPPING:
                types_fixed.append(PORTAL_TYPE_MAPPING[portal_type])
            elif portal_type in ALLOWED_TYPES:
                types_fixed.append(portal_type)
        item["exportimport.constrains"]["locally_allowed_types"] = list(set(types_fixed))

        types_fixed = []
        for portal_type in item["exportimport.constrains"]["immediately_addable_types"]:
            if portal_type in PORTAL_TYPE_MAPPING:
                types_fixed.append(PORTAL_TYPE_MAPPING[portal_type])
            elif portal_type in ALLOWED_TYPES:
                types_fixed.append(portal_type)
        item["exportimport.constrains"]["immediately_addable_types"] = list(set(types_fixed))
    return item

Change workflow

REVIEW_STATE_MAPPING = {
    "internal": "published",
    "internally_published": "published",
    "obsolete": "private",
    "hidden": "private",
}

def global_dict_hook(self, item):
    if item.get("review_state") in REVIEW_STATE_MAPPING:
        item["review_state"] = REVIEW_STATE_MAPPING[item["review_state"]]
    return item

Export/Import Annotations

Some core-features of Plone (e.g. comments) use annotations to store data. The core features are already covered but your custom code or community add-ons may use annotations as well. Here is how you can migrate them.

Export: Only export those Annotations that your really need.

from zope.annotation.interfaces import IAnnotations
ANNOTATIONS_TO_EXPORT = [
    "syndication_settings",
]
ANNOTATIONS_KEY = 'exportimport.annotations'

class CustomExportContent(ExportContent):

    def global_dict_hook(self, item, obj):
        item = self.export_annotations(item, obj)
        return item

    def export_annotations(self, item, obj):
        results = {}
        annotations = IAnnotations(obj)
        for key in ANNOTATIONS_TO_EXPORT:
            data = annotations.get(key)
            if data:
                results[key] = IJsonCompatible(data, None)
        if results:
            item[ANNOTATIONS_KEY] = results
        return item

Import:

from zope.annotation.interfaces import IAnnotations
ANNOTATIONS_KEY = "exportimport.annotations"

class CustomImportContent(ImportContent):

    def global_obj_hook(self, obj, item):
        item = self.import_annotations(obj, item)
        return item

    def import_annotations(self, obj, item):
        annotations = IAnnotations(obj)
        for key in item.get(ANNOTATIONS_KEY, []):
            annotations[key] = item[ANNOTATIONS_KEY][key]
        return item

Some features also store data in annotations on the portal, e.g. plone.contentrules.localassignments, plone.portlets.categoryblackliststatus, plone.portlets.contextassignments, syndication_settings. Depending on your requirements you may want to export and import those as well.

Export/Import Marker Interfaces

Export: You may only want to export the marker-interfaces you need. It is a good idea to inspect a list of all used marker interfaces in a portal before deciding what to migrate.

from zope.interface import directlyProvidedBy

MARKER_INTERFACES_TO_EXPORT = [
    "collective.easyslider.interfaces.ISliderPage",
    "plone.app.layout.navigation.interfaces.INavigationRoot",
]
MARKER_INTERFACES_KEY = "exportimport.marker_interfaces"

class CustomExportContent(ExportContent):

    def global_dict_hook(self, item, obj):
        item = self.export_marker_interfaces(item, obj)
        return item

    def export_marker_interfaces(self, item, obj):
        interfaces = [i.__identifier__ for i in directlyProvidedBy(obj)]
        interfaces = [i for i in interfaces if i in MARKER_INTERFACES_TO_EXPORT]
        if interfaces:
            item[MARKER_INTERFACES_KEY] = interfaces
        return item

Import:

from plone.dexterity.utils import resolveDottedName
from zope.interface import alsoProvides

MARKER_INTERFACES_KEY = "exportimport.marker_interfaces"

class CustomImportContent(ImportContent):

    def global_obj_hook_before_deserializing(self, obj, item):
        """Apply marker interfaces before deserializing."""
        for iface_name in item.pop(MARKER_INTERFACES_KEY, []):
            try:
                iface = resolveDottedName(iface_name)
                if not iface.providedBy(obj):
                    alsoProvides(obj, iface)
                    logger.info("Applied marker interface %s to %s", iface_name, obj.absolute_url())
            except ModuleNotFoundError:
                pass
        return obj, item

Skip versioning during import

The event-handlers of versioning can seriously slow down your imports. It is a good idea to skip it before the import:

VERSIONED_TYPES = [
    "Document",
    "News Item",
    "Event",
    "Link",
]

def start(self):
    self.items_without_parent = []
    portal_types = api.portal.get_tool("portal_types")
    for portal_type in VERSIONED_TYPES:
        fti = portal_types.get(portal_type)
        behaviors = list(fti.behaviors)
        if 'plone.versioning' in behaviors:
            logger.info(f"Disable versioning for {portal_type}")
            behaviors.remove('plone.versioning')
        fti.behaviors = behaviors

Re-enable versioning and create initial versions after all imports and fixes are done, e.g in the view @@import_all.

from Products.CMFEditions.interfaces.IModifier import FileTooLargeToVersionError

VERSIONED_TYPES = [
    "Document",
    "News Item",
    "Event",
    "Link",
]

class ImportAll(BrowserView):

    # re-enable versioning
    portal_types = api.portal.get_tool("portal_types")
    for portal_type in VERSIONED_TYPES:
        fti = portal_types.get(portal_type)
        behaviors = list(fti.behaviors)
        if "plone.versioning" not in behaviors:
            behaviors.append("plone.versioning")
            logger.info(f"Enable versioning for {portal_type}")
        if "plone.locking" not in behaviors:
            behaviors.append("plone.locking")
            logger.info(f"Enable locking for {portal_type}")
        fti.behaviors = behaviors
    transaction.get().note("Re-enabled versioning")
    transaction.commit()

    # create initial version for all versioned types
    logger.info("Creating initial versions")
    portal_repository = api.portal.get_tool("portal_repository")
    brains = api.content.find(portal_type=VERSIONED_TYPES)
    total = len(brains)
    for index, brain in enumerate(brains):
        obj = brain.getObject()
        try:
            portal_repository.save(obj=obj, comment="Imported Version")
        except FileTooLargeToVersionError:
            pass
        if not index % 1000:
            msg = f"Created versions for {index} of {total} items."
            logger.info(msg)
            transaction.get().note(msg)
            transaction.commit()
    msg = "Created initial versions"
    transaction.get().note(msg)
    transaction.commit()

Dealing with validation errors

Sometimes you get validation-errors during import because the data cannot be validated. That can happen when options in a field are generated from content in the site. In these cases you cannot be sure that all options already exist in the portal while importing the content.

It may also happen, when you have validators that rely on content or configuration that does not exist on import.

Note

For relation fields this is not necessary since relations are imported after content anyway!

There are two ways to handle these issues:

• Use a simple setter bypassing the validation used by the restapi
• Defer the import until all other imports were run

Use a simple setter

You need to specify which content-types and fields you want to handle that way.

It is put in a key, that the normal import will ignore and set using setattr() before deserializing the rest of the data.

SIMPLE_SETTER_FIELDS = {
    "ALL": ["some_shared_field"],
    "CollaborationFolder": ["allowedPartnerDocTypes"],
    "DocType": ["automaticTransferTargets"],
    "DPDocument": ["scenarios"],
    "DPEvent" : ["Status"],
}

class CustomImportContent(ImportContent):

    def global_dict_hook(self, item):
        simple = {}
        for fieldname in SIMPLE_SETTER_FIELDS.get("ALL", []):
            if fieldname in item:
                value = item.pop(fieldname)
                if value:
                    simple[fieldname] = value
        for fieldname in SIMPLE_SETTER_FIELDS.get(item["@type"], []):
            if fieldname in item:
                value = item.pop(fieldname)
                if value:
                    simple[fieldname] = value
        if simple:
            item["exportimport.simplesetter"] = simple

    def global_obj_hook_before_deserializing(self, obj, item):
        """Hook to modify the created obj before deserializing the data.
        """
        # import simplesetter data before the rest
        for fieldname, value in item.get("exportimport.simplesetter", {}).items():
            setattr(obj, fieldname, value)

Note

Using global_obj_hook_before_deserializing makes sure that data is there when the event-handlers are run after import.

Defer import

You can also wait until all content is imported before setting the values on these fields. Again you need to find out which fields for which types you want to handle that way.

Here the data is stored in an annotation on the imported object from which it is later read. This example also supports setting some data with setattr without validating it:

from plone.restapi.interfaces import IDeserializeFromJson
from zope.annotation.interfaces import IAnnotations
from zope.component import getMultiAdapter

DEFERRED_KEY = "exportimport.deferred"
DEFERRED_FIELD_MAPPING = {
    "talk": ["somefield"],
    "speaker": [
        "custom_field",
        "another_field",
    ]
}
SIMPLE_SETTER_FIELDS = {"custom_type": ["another_field"]}

class CustomImportContent(ImportContent):

    def global_dict_hook(self, item):
        # Move deferred values to a different key to not deserialize.
        # This could also be done during export.
        item[DEFERRED_KEY] = {}
        for fieldname in DEFERRED_FIELD_MAPPING.get(item["@type"], []):
            if item.get(fieldname):
                item[DEFERRED_KEY][fieldname] = item.pop(fieldname)
        return item

    def global_obj_hook(self, obj, item):
        # Store deferred data in an annotation.
        deferred = item.get(DEFERRED_KEY, {})
        if deferred:
            annotations = IAnnotations(obj)
            annotations[DEFERRED_KEY] = {}
            for key, value in deferred.items():
                annotations[DEFERRED_KEY][key] = value

You then need a new step in the migration to move the deferred values from the annotation to the field:

class ImportDeferred(BrowserView):

    def __call__(self):
        # This example reuses the form export_other.pt from collective.exportimport
        self.title = "Import deferred data"
        if not self.request.form.get("form.submitted", False):
            return self.index()
        portal = api.portal.get()
        self.results = []
        for brain in api.content.find(DEFERRED_FIELD_MAPPING.keys()):
            obj = brain.getObject()
            self.import_deferred(obj)
        api.portal.show_message(f"Imported deferred data for {len(self.results)} items!", self.request)

    def import_deferred(self, obj):
        annotations = IAnnotations(obj, {})
        deferred = annotations.get(DEFERRED_KEY, None)
        if not deferred:
            return
        # Shortcut for simple fields (e.g. storing strings, uuids etc.)
        for fieldname in SIMPLE_SETTER_FIELDS.get(obj.portal_type, []):
            value = deferred.pop(fieldname, None)
            if value:
                setattr(obj, fieldname, value)
        if not deferred:
            return
        # This approach validates the values and converts more complex data
        deserializer = getMultiAdapter((obj, self.request), IDeserializeFromJson)
        try:
            obj = deserializer(validate_all=False, data=deferred)
        except Exception as e:
            logger.info("Error while importing deferred data for %s", obj.absolute_url(), exc_info=True)
            logger.info("Data: %s", deferred)
        else:
            self.results.append(obj.absolute_url())
        # cleanup
        del annotations[DEFERRED_KEY]

This additional view obviously needs to be registered:

<browser:page
    name="import_deferred"
    for="zope.interface.Interface"
    class=".import_content.ImportDeferred"
    template="export_other.pt"
    permission="cmf.ManagePortal"
    />

Handle LinguaPlone content

Export:

def global_dict_hook(self, item, obj):
    # Find language of the nearest parent with a language
    # Usefull for LinguaPlone sites where some content is languageindependent
    parent = obj.__parent__
    for ancestor in parent.aq_chain:
        if IPloneSiteRoot.providedBy(ancestor):
            # keep language for root content
            nearest_ancestor_lang = item["language"]
            break
        if getattr(ancestor, "getLanguage", None) and ancestor.getLanguage():
            nearest_ancestor_lang = ancestor.getLanguage()
            item["parent"]["language"] = nearest_ancestor_lang
            break

    # This forces "wrong" languages to the nearest parents language
    if "language" in item and item["language"] != nearest_ancestor_lang:
        logger.info(u"Forcing %s (was %s) for %s %s ", nearest_ancestor_lang, item["language"], item["@type"], item["@id"])
        item["language"] = nearest_ancestor_lang

    # set missing language
    if not item.get("language"):
        item["language"] = nearest_ancestor_lang

    # add info on translations to help find the right container
    # usually this idone by export_translations
    # but when migrating from LP to pam you sometimes want to check the
    # tranlation info during import
    if getattr(obj.aq_base, "getTranslations", None) is not None:
        translations = obj.getTranslations()
        if translations:
            item["translation"] = {}
            for lang in translations:
                uuid = IUUID(translations[lang][0], None)
                if uuid == item["UID"]:
                    continue
                translation = translations[lang][0]
                if not lang:
                    lang = "no_language"
                item["translation"][lang] = translation.absolute_url()

Import:

def global_dict_hook(self, item):

    # Adapt this to your site
    languages = ["en", "fr", "de"]
    default_language = "en"
    portal_id = "Plone"

    # No language => lang of parent or default
    if item.get("language") not in languages:
        if item["parent"].get("language"):
            item["language"] = item["parent"]["language"]
        else:
            item["language"] = default_language

    lang = item["language"]

    if item["parent"].get("language") != item["language"]:
        logger.debug(f"Inconsistent lang: item is {lang}, parent is {item['parent'].get('language')} for {item['@id']}")

    # Move item to the correct language-root-folder
    # This is only relevant for items in the site-root.
    # Most items containers are usually looked up by the uuid of the old parent
    url = item["@id"]
    parent_url = item["parent"]["@id"]

    url = url.replace(f"/{portal_id}/", f"/{portal_id}/{lang}/", 1)
    parent_url = parent_url.replace(f"/{portal_id}", f"/{portal_id}/{lang}", 1)

    item["@id"] = url
    item["parent"]["@id"] = parent_url

    return item

Alternative ways to handle items without parent

Often it is better to export and log items for which no container could be found instead of re-creating the original structure.

def update(self):
    self.items_without_parent = []

def create_container(self, item):
    # Override create_container to never create parents
    self.items_without_parent.append(item)

def finish(self):
    # export content without parents
    if self.items_without_parent:
        data = json.dumps(self.items_without_parent, sort_keys=True, indent=4)
        number = len(self.items_without_parent)
        cfg = getConfiguration()
        filename = 'content_without_parent.json'
        filepath = os.path.join(cfg.clienthome, filename)
        with open(filepath, 'w') as f:
            f.write(data)
        msg = u"Saved {} items without parent to {}".format(number, filepath)
        logger.info(msg)
        api.portal.show_message(msg, self.request)

Export/Import Zope Users

By default only users and groups stores in Plone are exported/imported. You can export/import Zope user like this.

Export

from collective.exportimport.export_other import BaseExport
from plone import api

import six

class ExportZopeUsers(BaseExport):

    AUTO_ROLES = ["Authenticated"]

    def __call__(self, download_to_server=False):
        self.title = "Export Zope users"
        self.download_to_server = download_to_server
        portal = api.portal.get()
        app = portal.__parent__
        self.acl = app.acl_users
        self.pms = api.portal.get_tool("portal_membership")
        data = self.all_zope_users()
        self.download(data)

    def all_zope_users(self):
        results = []
        for user in self.acl.searchUsers():
            data = self._getUserData(user["userid"])
            data['title'] = user['title']
            results.append(data)
        return results

    def _getUserData(self, userId):
        member = self.pms.getMemberById(userId)
        roles = [
            role
            for role in member.getRoles()
            if role not in self.AUTO_ROLES
        ]
        # userid, password, roles
        props = {
            "username": userId,
            "password": json_compatible(self._getUserPassword(userId)),
            "roles": json_compatible(roles),
        }
        return props

    def _getUserPassword(self, userId):
        users = self.acl.users
        passwords = users._user_passwords
        password = passwords.get(userId, "")
        return password

Import:

class ImportZopeUsers(BrowserView):

    def __call__(self, jsonfile=None, return_json=False):
        if jsonfile:
            self.portal = api.portal.get()
            status = "success"
            try:
                if isinstance(jsonfile, str):
                    return_json = True
                    data = json.loads(jsonfile)
                elif isinstance(jsonfile, FileUpload):
                    data = json.loads(jsonfile.read())
                else:
                    raise ("Data is neither text nor upload.")
            except Exception as e:
                status = "error"
                logger.error(e)
                api.portal.show_message(
                    u"Failure while uploading: {}".format(e),
                    request=self.request,
                )
            else:
                members = self.import_members(data)
                msg = u"Imported {} members".format(members)
                api.portal.show_message(msg, self.request)
            if return_json:
                msg = {"state": status, "msg": msg}
                return json.dumps(msg)

        return self.index()

    def import_members(self, data):
        app = self.portal.__parent__
        acl = app.acl_users
        counter = 0
        for item in data:
            username = item["username"]
            password = item.pop("password")
            roles = item.pop("roles", [])
            if not username or not password or not roles:
                continue
            title = item.pop("title", None)
            acl.users.addUser(username, title, password)
            for role in roles:
                acl.roles.assignRoleToPrincipal(role, username)
            counter += 1
        return counter

Export/Import properties, registry-settings and installed add-ons

When you migrate multiple similar sites that are configured manually it can be useful to export and import configuration that was set by hand.

Export/Import installed settings and add-ons

This custom export exports and imports some selected settings and add-ons from a Plone 4.3 site.

Export:

from collective.exportimport.export_other import BaseExport
from logging import getLogger
from plone import api
from plone.restapi.serializer.converters import json_compatible

logger = getLogger(__name__)


class ExportSettings(BaseExport):
    """Export various settings for haiku sites
    """

    def __call__(self, download_to_server=False):
        self.title = "Export installed add-ons various settings"
        self.download_to_server = download_to_server
        if not self.request.form.get("form.submitted", False):
            return self.index()

        data = self.export_settings()
        self.download(data)

    def export_settings(self):
        results = {}
        addons = []
        qi = api.portal.get_tool("portal_quickinstaller")
        for product in qi.listInstalledProducts():
            if product["id"].startswith("myproject."):
                addons.append(product["id"])
        results["addons"] = addons

        portal = api.portal.get()
        registry = {}
        registry["plone.email_from_name"] = portal.getProperty('email_from_name', '')
        registry["plone.email_from_address"] = portal.getProperty('email_from_address', '')
        registry["plone.smtp_host"] = getattr(portal.MailHost, 'smtp_host', '')
        registry["plone.smtp_port"] = int(getattr(portal.MailHost, 'smtp_port', 25))
        registry["plone.smtp_userid"] = portal.MailHost.get('smtp_user_id')
        registry["plone.smtp_pass"] = portal.MailHost.get('smtp_pass')
        registry["plone.site_title"] = portal.title

        portal_properties = api.portal.get_tool("portal_properties")
        iprops = portal_properties.imaging_properties
        registry["plone.allowed_sizes"] = iprops.getProperty('allowed_sizes')
        registry["plone.quality"] = iprops.getProperty('quality')
        site_props = portal_properties.site_properties
        if site_props.hasProperty("webstats_js"):
            registry["plone.webstats_js"] = site_props.webstats_js
        results["registry"] = json_compatible(registry)
        return results

Import:

The import installs the add-ons and load the settings in the registry. Since Plone 5 portal_properties is no longer used.

from logging import getLogger
from plone import api
from plone.registry.interfaces import IRegistry
from Products.CMFPlone.utils import get_installer
from Products.Five import BrowserView
from zope.component import getUtility
from ZPublisher.HTTPRequest import FileUpload

import json

logger = getLogger(__name__)

class ImportSettings(BrowserView):
    """Import various settings"""

    def __call__(self, jsonfile=None, return_json=False):
        if jsonfile:
            self.portal = api.portal.get()
            status = "success"
            try:
                if isinstance(jsonfile, str):
                    return_json = True
                    data = json.loads(jsonfile)
                elif isinstance(jsonfile, FileUpload):
                    data = json.loads(jsonfile.read())
                else:
                    raise ("Data is neither text nor upload.")
            except Exception as e:
                status = "error"
                logger.error(e)
                api.portal.show_message(
                    "Failure while uploading: {}".format(e),
                    request=self.request,
                )
            else:
                self.import_settings(data)
                msg = "Imported addons and settings"
                api.portal.show_message(msg, self.request)
            if return_json:
                msg = {"state": status, "msg": msg}
                return json.dumps(msg)

        return self.index()

    def import_settings(self, data):
        installer = get_installer(self.context)
        for addon in data["addons"]:
            if not installer.is_product_installed(addon) and installer.is_product_installable(addon):
                installer.install_product(addon)
                logger.info(f"Installed addon {addon}")
        registry = getUtility(IRegistry)
        for key, value in data["registry"].items():
            registry[key] = value
            logger.info(f"Imported record {key}: {value}")

Export/Import registry settings

The pull-request collective#130 has views @@export_registry and @@import_registry. These views export and import registry records that do not use the default-setting specified in the schema for that registry record. The export alone could also be usefull to figure out which settings were modified for a site.

That code will probably not be merged but you can use it in your own projects.

Migrate PloneFormGen to Easyform

To be able to export PFG as easyform you should use the branch migration_features_1.x of collective.easyform in your old site. Easyform does not need to be installed, we only need the methods fields_model and actions_model.

Export:

def dict_hook_formfolder(self, item, obj):
    item["@type"] = "EasyForm"
    item["is_folderish"] = False

    from collective.easyform.migration.fields import fields_model
    from collective.easyform.migration.actions import actions_model

    # this does most of the heavy lifting...
    item["fields_model"] = fields_model(obj)
    item["actions_model"] = actions_model(obj)

    # handle thankspage
    pfg_thankspage = obj.get(obj.getThanksPage(), None)
    if pfg_thankspage:
        item["thankstitle"] = pfg_thankspage.title
        item["thanksdescription"] = pfg_thankspage.Description()
        item["showAll"] = pfg_thankspage.showAll
        item["showFields"] = pfg_thankspage.showFields
        item["includeEmpties"] = pfg_thankspage.includeEmpties
        item["thanksPrologue"] = json_compatible(pfg_thankspage.thanksPrologue.raw)
        item["thanksEpilogue"] = json_compatible(pfg_thankspage.thanksEpilogue.raw)

    # optional
    item["exportimport._inputStorage"] = self.export_saved_data(obj)

    # Drop some PFG fields no longer needed
    obsolete_fields = [
        "layout",
        "actionAdapter",
        "checkAuthenticator",
        "constrainTypesMode",
        "location",
        "thanksPage",
    ]
    for key in obsolete_fields:
        item.pop(key, None)

    # optional: disable tabs for imported forms
    item["form_tabbing"] = False

    # fix some custom validators
    replace_mapping = {
        "request.form['": "request.form['form.widgets.",
        "request.form.get('": "request.form.get('form.widgets.",
        "member and member.id or ''": "member and member.getProperty('id', '') or ''",
    }

    # fix overrides in actions and fields to use form.widgets.xyz instead of xyz
    for schema in ["actions_model", "fields_model"]:
        for old, new in replace_mapping.items():
            if old in item[schema]:
                item[schema] = item[schema].replace(old, new)

        # add your own fields if you have these issues...
        for fieldname in [
            "email",
            "replyto",
        ]:
            if "request/form/{}".format(fieldname) in item[schema]:
                item[schema] = item[schema].replace("request/form/{}".format(fieldname), "python: request.form.get('form.widgets.{}')".format(fieldname))

    return item

def export_saved_data(self, obj):
    actions = {}
    for data_adapter in obj.objectValues("FormSaveDataAdapter"):
        data_adapter_name = data_adapter.getId()
        actions[data_adapter_name] = {}
        cols = data_adapter.getColumnNames()
        column_count_mismatch = False
        for idx, row in enumerate(data_adapter.getSavedFormInput()):
            if len(row) != len(cols):
                column_count_mismatch = True
                logger.debug("Column count mismatch at row %s", idx)
                continue
            data = {}
            for key, value in zip(cols, row):
                data[key] = json_compatible(value)
            id_ = int(time() * 1000)
            while id_ in actions[data_adapter_name]:  # avoid collisions during export
                id_ += 1
            data["id"] = id_
            actions[data_adapter_name][id_] = data
        if column_count_mismatch:
            logger.info(
                "Number of columns does not match for all rows. Some data were skipped in "
                "data adapter %s/%s",
                "/".join(obj.getPhysicalPath()),
                data_adapter_name,
            )
    return actions

Import exported PloneFormGen data into Easyform:

def obj_hook_easyform(self, obj, item):
    if not item.get("exportimport._inputStorage"):
        return
    from collective.easyform.actions import SavedDataBTree
    from persistent.mapping import PersistentMapping
    if not hasattr(obj, '_inputStorage'):
        obj._inputStorage = PersistentMapping()
    for name, data in item["exportimport._inputStorage"].items():
        obj._inputStorage[name] = SavedDataBTree()
        for key, row in data.items():
             obj._inputStorage[name][int(key)] = row

Export and import collective.cover content

Export:

from collective.exportimport.serializer import get_dx_blob_path
from plone.app.textfield.value import RichTextValue
from plone.namedfile.file import NamedBlobImage
from plone.restapi.interfaces import IJsonCompatible
from z3c.relationfield import RelationValue
from zope.annotation.interfaces import IAnnotations

def global_dict_hook(self, item, obj):
    item = self.handle_cover(item, obj)
    return item

def handle_cover(self, item, obj):
    if ICover.providedBy(obj):
        item['tiles'] = {}
        annotations = IAnnotations(obj)
        for tile in obj.get_tiles():
            annotation_key = 'plone.tiles.data.{}'.format(tile['id'])
            annotation = annotations.get(annotation_key, None)
            if annotation is None:
                continue
            tile_data = self.serialize_tile(annotation)
            tile_data['type'] = tile['type']
            item['tiles'][tile['id']] = tile_data
    return item

def serialize_tile(self, annotation):
    data = {}
    for key, value in annotation.items():
        if isinstance(value, RichTextValue):
            value = value.raw
        elif isinstance(value, RelationValue):
            value = value.to_object.UID()
        elif isinstance(value, NamedBlobImage):
            blobfilepath = get_dx_blob_path(value)
            if not blobfilepath:
                continue
            value = {
                "filename": value.filename,
                "content-type": value.contentType,
                "size": value.getSize(),
                "blob_path": blobfilepath,
            }
        data[key] = IJsonCompatible(value, None)
    return data

Import:

from collections import defaultdict
from collective.exportimport.import_content import get_absolute_blob_path
from plone.app.textfield.interfaces import IRichText
from plone.app.textfield.interfaces import IRichTextValue
from plone.namedfile.file import NamedBlobImage
from plone.namedfile.interfaces import INamedBlobImageField
from plone.tiles.interfaces import ITileType
from zope.annotation.interfaces import IAnnotations
from zope.component import getUtilitiesFor
from zope.schema import getFieldsInOrder

COVER_CONTENT = [
    "collective.cover.content",
]

def global_obj_hook(self, obj, item):
    if item["@type"] in COVER_CONTENT and "tiles" in item:
        item = self.import_tiles(obj, item)

def import_tiles(self, obj, item):
    RICHTEXT_TILES = defaultdict(list)
    IMAGE_TILES = defaultdict(list)
    for tile_name, tile_type in getUtilitiesFor(ITileType):
        for fieldname, field in getFieldsInOrder(tile_type.schema):
            if IRichText.providedBy(field):
                RICHTEXT_TILES[tile_name].append(fieldname)
            if INamedBlobImageField.providedBy(field):
                IMAGE_TILES[tile_name].append(fieldname)

    annotations = IAnnotations(obj)
    prefix = "plone.tiles.data."
    for uid, tile in item["tiles"].items():
        # TODO: Maybe create all tiles that do not need to be defferred?
        key = prefix + uid
        tile_name = tile.pop("type", None)
        # first set raw data
        annotations[key] = item["tiles"][uid]
        for fieldname in RICHTEXT_TILES.get(tile_name, []):
            raw = annotations[key][fieldname]
            if raw is not None and not IRichTextValue.providedBy(raw):
                annotations[key][fieldname] = RichTextValue(raw, "text/html", "text/x-html-safe")
        for fieldname in IMAGE_TILES.get(tile_name, []):
            data = annotations[key][fieldname]
            if data is not None:
                blob_path = data.get("blob_path")
                if not blob_path:
                    continue

                abs_blob_path = get_absolute_blob_path(obj, blob_path)
                if not abs_blob_path:
                    logger.info("Blob path %s for tile %s of %s %s does not exist!", blob_path, tile, obj.portal_type, obj.absolute_url())
                    continue
                # Determine the class to use: file or image.
                filename = data["filename"]
                content_type = data["content-type"]

                # Write the field.
                with open(abs_blob_path, "rb") as myfile:
                    blobdata = myfile.read()
                image = NamedBlobImage(
                    data=blobdata,
                    contentType=content_type,
                    filename=filename,
                )
                annotations[key][fieldname] = image
    return item

Fixing invalid collection queries

Some queries changes between Plone 4 and 5. This fixes the issues.

The actual migration of topics to collections in collective.exportimport.serializer.SerializeTopicToJson does not (yet) take care of that.

class CustomImportContent(ImportContent):

    def global_dict_hook(self, item):
        if item["@type"] in ["Collection", "Topic"]:
            item = self.fix_query(item)

    def fix_query(self, item):
        item["@type"] = "Collection"
        query = item.pop("query", [])
        if not query:
            logger.info("Drop item without query: %s", item["@id"])
            return

        fixed_query = []
        indexes_to_fix = [
            "portal_type",
            "review_state",
            "Creator",
            "Subject",
        ]
        operator_mapping = {
            # old -> new
            "plone.app.querystring.operation.selection.is":
                "plone.app.querystring.operation.selection.any",
            "plone.app.querystring.operation.string.is":
                "plone.app.querystring.operation.selection.any",
        }

        for crit in query:
            if crit["i"] == "portal_type" and len(crit["v"]) > 30:
                # Criterion is all types
                continue

            if crit["o"].endswith("relativePath") and crit["v"] == "..":
                # relativePath no longer accepts ..
                crit["v"] = "..::1"

            if crit["i"] in indexes_to_fix:
                for old_operator, new_operator in operator_mapping.items():
                    if crit["o"] == old_operator:
                        crit["o"] = new_operator

            if crit["i"] == "portal_type":
                # Some types may have changed their names
                fixed_types = []
                for portal_type in crit["v"]:
                    fixed_type = PORTAL_TYPE_MAPPING.get(portal_type, portal_type)
                    fixed_types.append(fixed_type)
                crit["v"] = list(set(fixed_types))

            if crit["i"] == "review_state":
                # Review states may have changed their names
                fixed_states = []
                for review_state in crit["v"]:
                    fixed_state = REVIEW_STATE_MAPPING.get(review_state, review_state)
                    fixed_states.append(fixed_state)
                crit["v"] = list(set(fixed_states))

            if crit["o"] == "plone.app.querystring.operation.string.currentUser":
                crit["v"] = ""

            fixed_query.append(crit)
        item["query"] = fixed_query

        if not item["query"]:
            logger.info("Drop collection without query: %s", item["@id"])
            return
        return item

Migrate to Volto

You can reuse the migration-code provided by @@migrate_to_volto in plone.volto in a migration. The following example (used for migrating https://plone.org to Volto) can be used to migrate a site from any older version to Plone 6 with Volto.

You need to have the Blocks Conversion Tool (https://github.com/plone/blocks-conversion-tool) running that takes care of migrating richtext-values to Volto-blocks.

See https://6.docs.plone.org/backend/upgrading/version-specific-migration/migrate-to-volto.html for more details on the changes the migration to Volto does.

This code was used in real projects multiple times and is proven to work. After the migration you need to restart the instance to make all changes work.

from App.config import getConfiguration
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from collective.exportimport.fix_html import fix_html_in_content_fields
from collective.exportimport.fix_html import fix_html_in_portlets
from contentimport.interfaces import IContentimportLayer
from logging import getLogger
from pathlib import Path
from plone import api
from plone.volto.browser.migrate_to_volto import migrate_richtext_to_blocks
from plone.volto.setuphandlers import add_behavior
from plone.volto.setuphandlers import remove_behavior
from Products.CMFPlone.utils import get_installer
from Products.Five import BrowserView
from Products.ZCatalog.ProgressHandler import ZLogHandler
from zope.interface import alsoProvides

import requests
import transaction

logger = getLogger(__name__)

# Add you own project-specific add-ons here
DEFAULT_ADDONS = []

VERSIONED_TYPES = [
    "Document",
    "News Item",
    "Event",
    "Link",
]


class ImportAll(BrowserView):

    def __call__(self):

        request = self.request
        # Check if Blocks-conversion-tool is running
        headers = {
            "Accept": "application/json",
            "Content-Type": "application/json",
        }
        r = requests.post(
            "http://localhost:5000/html", headers=headers, json={"html": "<p>text</p>"}
        )
        r.raise_for_status()

        # Submit a simple form template to trigger the import
        if not request.form.get("form.submitted", False):
            return self.index()

        portal = api.portal.get()
        alsoProvides(request, IContentimportLayer)

        installer = get_installer(portal)
        if not installer.is_product_installed("contentimport"):
            installer.install_product("contentimport")

        # install required add-ons
        for addon in DEFAULT_ADDONS:
            if not installer.is_product_installed(addon):
                installer.install_product(addon)

        # Disable versioning before import
        for portal_type in VERSIONED_TYPES:
            remove_behavior(portal_type, "plone.versioning")
            remove_behavior(portal_type, "plone.locking")

        # Fake the target being a classic site even though plone.volto is installed...
        # 1. Allow Folders and Collections (they are disabled in Volto by default)
        portal_types = api.portal.get_tool("portal_types")
        portal_types["Collection"].global_allow = True
        portal_types["Folder"].global_allow = True
        # 2. Enable richtext behavior (otherwise no text will be imported)
        for portal_type in ["Document", "News Item", "Event"]:
            add_behavior(portal_type, "plone.richtext")

        transaction.commit()
        cfg = getConfiguration()
        directory = Path(cfg.clienthome) / "import"

        # Import content
        view = api.content.get_view("import_content", portal, request)
        request.form["form.submitted"] = True
        request.form["commit"] = 500
        # Change "Plone.json" to the name of your export file
        view(server_file="Plone.json", return_json=True)
        transaction.commit()

        # Run all other imports
        other_imports = [
            "relations",
            "members",
            "translations",
            "localroles",
            "ordering",
            "defaultpages",
            "discussion",
            "portlets",  # not really useful in Volto
            "redirects",
        ]
        for name in other_imports:
            view = api.content.get_view(f"import_{name}", portal, request)
            path = Path(directory) / f"export_{name}.json"
            if path.exists():
                results = view(jsonfile=path.read_text(), return_json=True)
                logger.info(results)
                transaction.get().note(f"Finished import_{name}")
                transaction.commit()
            else:
                logger.info(f"Missing file: {path}")

        # Optional: Run html-fixers on richtext
        fixers = [
            table_class_fixer,
            img_variant_fixer,
            scale_unscaled_images,
            fix_image_align,
        ]
        results = fix_html_in_content_fields(fixers=fixers)
        msg = "Fixed html for {} content items".format(results)
        logger.info(msg)
        transaction.get().note(msg)
        transaction.commit()

        results = fix_html_in_portlets()
        msg = "Fixed html for {} portlets".format(results)
        logger.info(msg)
        transaction.get().note(msg)
        transaction.commit()

        # Add blocks behavior to collections to convert richtext to blocks
        for portal_type in ["Collection"]:
            add_behavior(portal_type, "volto.blocks")

        # Update linksintegrity
        view = api.content.get_view("updateLinkIntegrityInformation", portal, request)
        results = view.update()
        msg = f"Updated linkintegrity for {results} items"
        logger.info(msg)
        transaction.get().note(msg)
        transaction.commit()

        # Rebuilding the catalog is necessary to prevent issues later on
        catalog = api.portal.get_tool("portal_catalog")
        logger.info("Rebuilding catalog...")
        catalog.clearFindAndRebuild()
        msg = "Finished rebuilding catalog!"
        logger.info(msg)
        transaction.get().note(msg)
        transaction.commit()

        # This uses the blocks-conversion-tool to migrate to blocks
        logger.info("Start migrating richtext to blocks...")
        migrate_richtext_to_blocks(purge_richtext=True)
        msg = "Finished migrating richtext to blocks"
        transaction.get().note(msg)
        transaction.commit()

        # Reuse the migration-form from plone.volto to do some more tasks
        view = api.content.get_view("migrate_to_volto", portal, request)
        # Yes, we want to migrate default pages
        view.migrate_default_pages = True
        view.slate = True
        view.purge_richtext = True
        view.service_url = "http://localhost:5000/html"
        logger.info("Start migrating Folders to Documents...")
        view.do_migrate_folders()
        msg = "Finished migrating Folders to Documents!"
        transaction.get().note(msg)
        transaction.commit()

        logger.info("Start migrating Collections to Documents...")
        view.migrate_collections()
        msg = "Finished migrating Collections to Documents!"
        transaction.get().note(msg)
        transaction.commit()

        reset_dates = api.content.get_view("reset_dates", portal, request)
        reset_dates()
        transaction.commit()

        # Reindex created and modified
        catalog = api.portal.get_tool("portal_catalog")
        pghandler = ZLogHandler(5000)
        catalog.reindexIndex(["created", "modified"], None, pghandler=pghandler)

        # re-enable versioning and add initial versions
        for portal_type in VERSIONED_TYPES:
            add_behavior(portal_type, "plone.versioning")
            add_behavior(portal_type, "plone.locking")
        logger.info("Creating initial versions")
        portal_repository = api.portal.get_tool("portal_repository")
        brains = api.content.find(portal_type=VERSIONED_TYPES, sort_on="path")
        total = len(brains)
        for index, brain in enumerate(brains):
            obj = brain.getObject()
            try:
                portal_repository.save(obj=obj, comment="Imported Version")
            except FileTooLargeToVersionError:
                pass
            if not index % 1000:
                msg = f"Created versions for {index} of {total} items."
                logger.info(msg)
                transaction.get().note(msg)
                transaction.commit()
        msg = "Created initial versions"
        transaction.get().note(msg)
        transaction.commit()

        # Disallow folders and collections again
        portal_types["Collection"].global_allow = False
        portal_types["Folder"].global_allow = False

        # Disable richtext behavior again
        for type_ in ["Document", "News Item", "Event"]:
            remove_behavior(type_, "plone.richtext")

        # Remove contentimport to also drop the BrowserLayer
        if installer.is_product_installed("contentimport"):
            installer.uninstall_product("contentimport")

            logger.info("Finished import_all")
        return request.response.redirect(portal.absolute_url())


def table_class_fixer(text, obj=None):
    if "table" not in text:
        return text
    dropped_classes = [
        "MsoNormalTable",
        "MsoTableGrid",
    ]
    replaced_classes = {
        "invisible": "invisible-grid",
    }
    soup = BeautifulSoup(text, "html.parser")
    for table in soup.find_all("table"):
        table_classes = table.get("class", [])
        for dropped in dropped_classes:
            if dropped in table_classes:
                table_classes.remove(dropped)
        for old, new in replaced_classes.items():
            if old in table_classes:
                table_classes.remove(old)
                table_classes.append(new)
        # all tables get the default bootstrap table class
        if "table" not in table_classes:
            table_classes.insert(0, "table")

    return soup.decode()


def img_variant_fixer(text, obj=None):
    """Set image-variants"""
    if not text:
        return text

    picture_variants = api.portal.get_registry_record("plone.picture_variants")
    scale_variant_mapping = {
        k: v["sourceset"][0]["scale"] for k, v in picture_variants.items()
    }
    scale_variant_mapping["thumb"] = "mini"
    fallback_variant = "preview"

    soup = BeautifulSoup(text, "html.parser")
    for tag in soup.find_all("img"):
        if "data-val" not in tag.attrs:
            # maybe external image
            continue
        scale = tag["data-scale"]
        variant = scale_variant_mapping.get(scale, fallback_variant)
        tag["data-picturevariant"] = variant

        classes = tag["class"]
        new_class = f"picture-variant-{variant}"
        if new_class not in classes:
            classes.append(new_class)
            tag["class"] = classes

    return soup.decode()


def scale_unscaled_images(text, obj=None):
    """Scale unscaled image"""
    if not text:
        return text
    fallback_scale = "huge"

    soup = BeautifulSoup(text, "html.parser")
    for tag in soup.find_all("img"):
        if "data-val" not in tag.attrs:
            # maybe external image
            continue

        scale = tag["data-scale"]
        # Prevent unscaled images!
        if not scale:
            scale = fallback_scale
            tag["data-scale"] = fallback_scale
        if not tag["src"].endswith(scale):
            tag["src"] = tag["src"] + "/" + scale

    return soup.decode()


def fix_image_align(text, obj=None):
    """Replace align='xx' with css-classes"""
    if not text:
        return text

    soup = BeautifulSoup(text, "html.parser")
    for tag in soup.find_all("img"):
        if "align" not in tag.attrs:
            continue

        classes = tag.get("class", [])
        direction = tag["align"]
        if direction == "left":
            classes.append("image-left")
        elif direction == "right":
            classes.append("image-right")
        if "image-inline" in classes:
            classes.remove("image-inline")
        del tag["align"]
    return soup.decode()

Migrate very old Plone Versions with data created by collective.jsonify

Versions older than Plone 4 do not support plone.restapi which is required to serialize the content used by collective.exportimport.

To migrate Plone 1, 2 and 3 to Plone 6 you can use collective.jsonify for the export and collective.exportimport for the import.

Export with collective.jsonify

Use https://github.com/collective/collective.jsonify to export content.

You include the methods of collective.jsonify using External Methods. See https://github.com/collective/collective.jsonify/blob/master/docs/install.rst for more info.

To work better with collective.exportimport you could extend the exported data using the feature additional_wrappers. Add info on the parent of an item to make it easier for collective.exportimport to import the data.

Here is a full example for json_methods.py which should be in BUILDOUT_ROOT/parts/instance/Extensions/

def extend_item(obj, item):
    """Extend to work better well with collective.exportimport"""
    from Acquisition import aq_parent
    parent = aq_parent(obj)
    item["parent"] = {
        "@id": parent.absolute_url(),
        "@type": getattr(parent, "portal_type", None),
    }
    if getattr(parent.aq_base, "UID", None) is not None:
        item["parent"]["UID"] = parent.UID()

    return item

Here is a full example for json_methods.py which should be in <BUILDOUT_ROOT>/parts/instance/Extensions/

from collective.jsonify.export import export_content as export_content_orig
from collective.jsonify.export import get_item

EXPORTED_TYPES = [
    "Folder",
    "Document",
    "News Item",
    "Event",
    "Link",
    "Topic",
    "File",
    "Image",
    "RichTopic",
]

EXTRA_SKIP_PATHS = [
    "/Plone/archiv/",
    "/Plone/do-not-import/",
]

# Path from which to continue the export.
# The export walks the whole site respecting the order.
# It will ignore everything untill this path is reached.
PREVIOUS = ""

def export_content(self):
    return export_content_orig(
        self,
        basedir="/var/lib/zope/json",
        skip_callback=skip_item,
        extra_skip_classname=[],
        extra_skip_id=[],
        extra_skip_paths=EXTRA_SKIP_PATHS,
        batch_start=0,
        batch_size=10000,
        batch_previous_path=PREVIOUS or None,
    )

def skip_item(item):
    """Return True if the item should be skipped"""
    portal_type = getattr(item, "portal_type", None)
    if portal_type not in EXPORTED_TYPES:
        return True

def extend_item(obj, item):
    """Extend to work better well with collective.exportimport"""
    from Acquisition import aq_parent
    parent = aq_parent(obj)
    item["parent"] = {
        "@id": parent.absolute_url(),
        "@type": getattr(parent, "portal_type", None),
    }
    if getattr(parent.aq_base, "UID", None) is not None:
        item["parent"]["UID"] = parent.UID()

    return item

To use these create three "External Method" in the ZMI root at the Zope root to use that:

• id: "export_content", module name: "json_methods", function name: "export_content"
• id: "get_item", module name: "json_methods", function name: "get_item"
• id: "extend_item", module name: "json_methods", function name: "extend_item"

Then you can pass the extender to the export using a query-string: http://localhost:8080/Plone/export_content?additional_wrappers=extend_item

Import with collective.jsonify

Two issues need to be dealt with to allow collective.exportimport to import the data generated by collective.jsonify.

1. The data is in directories instead of in one large json-file.
2. The json is not in the expected format.

Starting with version 1.8 you can pass an iterator to the import.

You need to create a directory-walker that sorts the json-files the right way. By default it would import them in the order 1.json, 10.json, 100.json, 101.json and so on.

from pathlib import Path

def filesystem_walker(path=None):
    root = Path(path)
    assert(root.is_dir())
    folders = sorted([i for i in root.iterdir() if i.is_dir() and i.name.isdecimal()], key=lambda i: int(i.name))
    for folder in folders:
        json_files = sorted([i for i in folder.glob("*.json") if i.stem.isdecimal()], key=lambda i: int(i.stem))
        for json_file in json_files:
            logger.debug("Importing %s", json_file)
            item = json.loads(json_file.read_text())
            item["json_file"] = str(json_file)
            item = prepare_data(item)
            if item:
                yield item

The walker takes the path to be the root with one or more directories holding the json-files. The sorting of the files is done using the number in the filename.

The method prepare_data modifies the data before passing it to the import. A very similar task is done by collective.exportimport during export.

def prepare_data(item):
    """modify jsonify data to work with c.exportimport"""

    # Drop relationfields or defer the import
    item.pop("relatedItems", None)

    mapping = {
        # jsonify => exportimport
        "_uid": "UID",
        "_type": "@type",
        "_path": "@id",
        "_layout": "layout",
        # AT fieldnames => DX fieldnames
        "excludeFromNav": "exclude_from_nav",
        "allowDiscussion": "allow_discussion",
        "subject": "subjects",
        "expirationDate": "expires",
        "effectiveDate": "effective",
        "creation_date": "created",
        "modification_date": "modified",
        "startDate": "start",
        "endDate": "end",
        "openEnd": "open_end",
        "eventUrl": "event_url",
        "wholeDay": "whole_day",
        "contactEmail": "contact_email",
        "contactName": "contact_name",
        "contactPhone": "contact_phone",
        "imageCaption": "image_caption",
    }
    for old, new in mapping.items():
        item = migrate_field(item, old, new)

    if item.get("constrainTypesMode", None) == 1:
        item = migrate_field(item, "constrainTypesMode", "constrain_types_mode")
    else:
        item.pop("locallyAllowedTypes", None)
        item.pop("immediatelyAddableTypes", None)
        item.pop("constrainTypesMode", None)

    if "id" not in item:
        item["id"] = item["_id"]
    return item


def migrate_field(item, old, new):
    if item.get(old, _marker) is not _marker:
        item[new] = item.pop(old)
    return item

You can pass the generator filesystem_walker to the import:

class ImportAll(BrowserView):

    def __call__(self):
        # ...
        cfg = getConfiguration()
        directory = Path(cfg.clienthome) / "import"

        # import content
        view = api.content.get_view("import_content", portal, request)
        request.form["form.submitted"] = True
        request.form["commit"] = 1000
        view(iterator=filesystem_walker(directory / "mydata"))

        # import default-pages
        import_deferred = api.content.get_view("import_deferred", portal, request)
        import_deferred()


class ImportDeferred(BrowserView):

    def __call__(self):
        self.title = "Import Deferred Settings (default pages)"
        if not self.request.form.get("form.submitted", False):
            return self.index()

        for brain in api.content.find(portal_type="Folder"):
            obj = brain.getObject()
            annotations = IAnnotations(obj)
            if DEFERRED_KEY not in annotations:
                continue

            default = annotations[DEFERRED_KEY].pop("_defaultpage", None)
            if default and default in obj:
                logger.info("Setting %s as default page for %s", default, obj.absolute_url())
                obj.setDefaultPage(default)
            if not annotations[DEFERRED_KEY]:
                annotations.pop(DEFERRED_KEY)
        api.portal.show_message("Done", self.request)
        return self.index()

collective.jsonify puts the info on relations, translations and default-pages in the export-file. You can use the approach to defer imports to deal with that data after all items were imported. The example ImportDeferred above uses that approach to set the default pages.

This global_obj_hook below stores that data in a annotation:

def global_obj_hook(self, obj, item):
    # Store deferred data in an annotation.
    keys = ["_defaultpage"]
    data = {}
    for key in keys:
        if value := item.get(key, None):
            data[key] = value
    if data:
        annotations = IAnnotations(obj)
        annotations[DEFERRED_KEY] = data

Translations

This product has been translated into

• Spanish

Contribute

• Issue Tracker: https://github.com/collective/collective.exportimport/issues
• Source Code: https://github.com/collective/collective.exportimport

Support

If you are having issues, please let us know.

License

The project is licensed under the GPLv2.

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