sagemathgh-37834: build/pkgs/python3: Update to 3.12.4; declare sup…

…port of Python 3.12.x stable

    
<!-- ^ Please provide a concise and informative title. -->
<!-- ^ Don't put issue numbers in the title, do this in the PR
description below. -->
<!-- ^ For example, instead of "Fixes sagemath#12345" use "Introduce new method
to calculate 1 + 2". -->
<!-- v Describe your changes below in detail. -->
<!-- v Why is this change required? What problem does it solve? -->
<!-- v If this PR resolves an open issue, please link to it here. For
example, "Fixes sagemath#12345". -->

https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-12-4-final

- In part cherry-picked from sagemath#36181

### 📝 Checklist

<!-- Put an `x` in all the boxes that apply. -->

- [x] The title is concise and informative.
- [x] The description explains in detail what this PR is about.
- [x] I have linked a relevant issue or discussion.
- [ ] I have created tests covering the changes.
- [ ] I have updated the documentation and checked the documentation
preview.

### ⌛ Dependencies

<!-- List all open PRs that this PR logically depends on. For example,
-->
<!-- - sagemath#12345: short description why this is a dependency -->
<!-- - sagemath#34567: ... -->
- Depends on sagemath#37914 (merged here)
- Depends on sagemath#37951 (merged here for sagemath#37026)
- Depends on sagemath#38144 (merged here for testing)
    
URL: sagemath#37834
Reported by: Matthias Köppe
Reviewer(s):

build/pkgs/python3/SPKG.rst

@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@ You can also use ``--with-python=/path/to/python3_binary`` to tell Sage to use
 a number of Python modules to be available within the Python in question. Currently,
 as of Sage 10.3, these modules are as follows: ``sqlite3``, ``ctypes``, ``math``,
 ``hashlib``, ``socket``, ``zlib``, ``ssl``, ``ensurepip``.
+For Python >= 3.12, also ``setuptools`` is required; for older Python versions,
+``distutils.core`` is required. These modules will be checked for by the ``configure``
+script.
 
 Use the ``configure`` option ``--without-system-python3`` if you want Python 3
 built from scratch.

build/pkgs/python3/checksums.ini

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 tarball=Python-VERSION.tar.xz
-sha1=a368aeed7a3325e47b55168452c356a8eb27ab50
-sha256=9e06008c8901924395bc1da303eac567a729ae012baa182ab39269f650383bb3
+sha1=c221421f3ba734daaf013dbdc7b48aa725cea18e
+sha256=f6d419a6d8743ab26700801b4908d26d97e8b986e14f95de31b32de2b0e79554
 upstream_url=https://www.python.org/ftp/python/VERSION/Python-VERSION.tar.xz

build/pkgs/python3/package-version.txt

@@ -1 +1 @@
-3.11.8
+3.12.4

build/pkgs/python3/spkg-configure.m4

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 SAGE_SPKG_CONFIGURE([python3], [
    m4_pushdef([MIN_VERSION],               [3.9.0])
    m4_pushdef([MIN_NONDEPRECATED_VERSION], [3.9.0])
-   m4_pushdef([LT_STABLE_VERSION],         [3.12.0])
+   m4_pushdef([LT_STABLE_VERSION],         [3.13.0])
    m4_pushdef([LT_VERSION],                [3.13.0])
    AC_ARG_WITH([python],
                [AS_HELP_STRING([--with-python=PYTHON3],