CSS

Q1. Among these selectors which selector has the highest specificity ranking for selecting the anchor link element?

ul li a
a
.example a
div a

.example a
div a
a
ul li a

Q2. Using an attribute selector, how would you select an `<a>` element with a "title" attribute?

a[title]{...}
a > title {...}
a.title {...}
a=title {...}

Note: an alternative to the question below.

Q3. What is the CSS selector for an `<a>` tag containing the title attribute?

a[title]
a > title
a=title
a.title

Note: an alternative to the question above.

Q4. CSS grid and flexbox are now becoming a more popular way to create page layouts. However, floats are still commonly used, especially when working with an older code base, or if you need to support older browser version. What are two valid techniques used to clear floats?

Use the "clearfix hack" on the floated element and add a float to the parent element.
Use the overflow property on the floated element or the "clearfix hack" on either the floated or parent element.
Use the "clearfix hack" on the floated element or the overflow property on the parent element.
Use the "clearfix hack" on the parent element or use the overflow property with a value other than "visible."

Q5. What element(s) do the following selectors match to?

1) .nav {
  ...;
}
2) nav {
  ...;
}
3) #nav {
  ...;
}

1. An element with an ID of "nav"
2. A nav element
3. An element with a class of "nav"

    They all target the same nav element.

1. An element with an class of "nav"
2. A nav element
3. An element with a id of "nav"

1. An element with an class of "nav"
2. A nav element
3. An div with a id of "nav"

Q6. When adding transparency styles, what is the difference between using the opacity property versus the background property with an `rgba()` value?

Opacity specifies the level of transparency of the child elements. Background with an rgba() value applies transparency to the background color only.
Opacity applies transparency to the background color only. Background with an rgba() value specifies the level of transparency of an element, as a whole, including its content.
Opacity specifies the level of transparency of an element, including its content. Background with an rgba() value applies transparency to the background color only.
Opacity applies transparency to the parent and child elements. Background with an rgba() value specifies the level of transparency of the parent element only.

Q7. What is true of block and inline elements? (Alternative: Which statement about block and inline elements is true?)

By default, block elements are the same height and width as the content container between their tags; inline elements span the entire width of its container.
By default, block elements span the entire width of its container; inline elements are the same height and width as the content contained between their tags.
A <nav> element is an example of an inline element. <header> is an example of a block element.
A <span> is an example of a block element. <div> is an example of an inline element.

Q8. CSS grid introduced a new length unit, fr, to create flexible grid tracks. Referring to the code sample below, what will the widths of the three columns be?

.grid {
  display: grid;
  width: 500px;
  grid-template-columns: 50px 1fr 2fr;
}

The first column will have a width of 50px. The second column will be 50px wide and the third column will be 100px wide.
The first column will have a width of 50px. The second column will be 150px wide and the third column will be 300px wide.
The first column will have a width of 50px. The second column will be 300px wide and the third column will be 150px wide.
The first column will have a width of 50px. The second column will be 500px wide and the third column will be 1000px wide.

Note: an alternative to the question below.

Q9. If the width of the container is 500 pixels, what would the width of the three columns be in this layout?

.grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 50px 1fr 2fr; }

50px, 150px, 300px
50px, 200px, 300px
50px, 100px, 200px
50px, 50px, 100px

Note: an alternative to the question above.

Q10. What is the line-height property primarily used for?

to control the height of the space between two lines of content
to control the height of the space between heading elements
to control the height of the character size
to control the width of the space between characters

Q11. Three of these choices are true about class selectors. Which is NOT true?

Multiple classes can be used within the same element.
The same class can be used multiple times per page.
Class selectors begin with a leading period
Classes can be used multiple times per page but not within the same element.

Note: an alternative to the question below.

Q12. What is not true about class selectors?

Only one class value can be assigned to an element.
An element can have multiple class value.
Class selectors are marked with a leading period.
More than one element can have the same class value.

Note: an alternative to the question above.

Q13. There are many properties that can be used to align elements and create page layouts such as float, position, flexbox and grid. Of these four properties, which one should be used to align a global navigation bar which stays fixed at the top of the page?

position
flexbox
grid
float

Q14. In the shorthand example below, which individual background properties are represented?

background: blue url(image.jpg) no-repeat scroll 0px 0px;

background-color: blue;
background-image: url(image.jpg);
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-attachment: scroll;
background-position: 0px 0px;

background-color: blue;
background-img: url(image.jpg);
background-position: no-repeat;
background-scroll: scroll;
background-size: 0px 0px;

background-color: blue;
background-src: url(image.jpg);
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-wrap: scroll;
background-position: 0px 0px;

background-color: blue;
background-src: url(image.jpg);
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-scroll: scroll;
background-position: 0px 0px;

Q15. In this example, according to cascading and specificity rules, what color will the link be?

.example {
  color: yellow;
}
ul li a {
  color: blue;
}
ul a {
  color: green;
}
a {
  color: red;
}

<ul>
  <li><a href="#" class="example">link</a></li>
  <li>list item</li>
  <li>list item</li>
</ul>

green
yellow
blue
red

Q16. When elements overlap, they are ordered on the z-axis (i.e., which element covers another). The z-index property can be used to specify the z-order of overlapping elements. Which set of statements about the z-index property are true?

Larger z-index values appear on top of elements with a lower z-index value. Negative and positive numbers can be used. z-index can only be used on positioned elements.
Smaller z-index values appear on top of elements with a larger z-index value. Negative and positive numbers can be used. z-index must also be used with positioned elements.
Larger z-index values appear on top of elements with a lower z-index value. Only positive numbers can be used. z-index must also be used with positioned elements.
Smaller z-index values appear on top of elements with a larger z-index value. Negative and positive numbers can be used. z-index can be used with or without positioned elements.

Note: an alternative to the question below.

Q17. When elements within a container overlap, the z-index property can be used to indicate how those items are stacked on top of each other. Which set of statements is true?

1. Larger z-index values appear on top elements with a lower z-index value.
2. Negative and positive number can be used.
3. z-index can be used only on positioned elements.

1. Smaller z-index values appear on top of elements with a larger z-index value.
2. Negative and positive numbers can be used.
3. z-index can be used with or without positioned elements.

1. Smaller z-index values appear on top of elements with a larger z-index value.
2. Negative and positive number can be used.
3. z-index must also be used with positioned elements.

1. Larger z-index values appear on top of elements with a lower z-index value.
2. Only positive number can be used.
3. z-index must also be used with positioned elements.

Note: an alternative to the question above.

Q18. What is the difference between the following line-height settings?

line-height: 20px;
line-height: 2;

The value of 20px will set the line-height to 20px. The value of 2 will set the line-height to twice the size of the corresponding font-size value.
The value of 20px will set the line-height to 20px. The value of 2 is not valid.
The value of 20px will set the line-height to 20px. The value of 2 will default to a value of 2px.
The value of 20px will set the line-height to 20px. The value of 2 will set the line-height to 20% of the corresponding font-size value.

Q19. In the following example, what color will paragraph one and paragraph two be? (Alternative: In this example, what color will paragraphs one and two be?)

<section>
  <p>paragraph one</p>
</section>

<p>paragraph two</p>

section p {
  color: red;
}
section + p {
  color: blue;
}

Paragraph one will be blue, paragraph two will be red.
Both paragraphs will be blue.
Paragraphs one will be red, paragraph two will be blue.
Both paragraphs will be red.

Q20. What are three valid ways of adding CSS to an HTML page?

1. External; CSS is written in a separate file.
2. Inline; CSS is added to the <head> of the HTML page.
3. Internal; CSS is included within the HTML tags.

1. External; CSS is written in a separate file and is linked within the <header> element of the HTML file.
2. Inline; CSS is added to the HTML tag.
3. Internal; CSS is included within the <header> element of the HTML file.

1. External; CSS is written in a separate file and is linked within the <head> element of the HTML file.
2. Internal; CSS is included within the <header> element of the HTML file.
3. Inline; CSS is added to the HTML tag.

1. External; CSS is written in a separate file and is linked within the <head> element of the HTML file.
2. Inline; CSS is added to the HTML tag.
3. Internal; CSS is included within the <head> element of the HTML file.

Q21. Which of the following is true of the SVG image format? (Alternative: Which statement about the SVG image format is true?)

CSS can be applied to SVGs but JavaScript cannot be.
SVGs work best for creating 3D graphics.
SVGs can be created as a vector graphic or coded using SVG specific elements such as <svg>, <line>, and <ellipse>.
SVGs are a HAML-based markup language for creating vector graphics.

Q22. In the example below, when will the color pink be applied to the anchor element?

a:active {
  color: pink;
}

The color of the link will display as pink after its been clicked or if the mouse is hovering over the link.
The color of the link will display as pink on mouse hover.
The color of the link will display as pink while the link is being clicked but before the mouse click is released.
The color of the link will display as pink before it has been clicked.

Q23. To change the color of an SVG using CSS, which property is used?

Use background-fill to set the color inside the object and stroke or border to set the color of the border.
The color cannot be changed with CSS.
Use fill or background to set the color inside the object and stroke to set the color of the border.
Use fill to set the color inside the object and stroke to set the color of the border.

Q24. When using position: fixed, what will the element always be positioned relative to?

the closest element with position: relative
the viewport
the parent element
the wrapper element

Q25. By default, a background image will repeat _

only if the background-repeat property is set to repeat
indefinitely, vertically, and horizontally
indefinitely on the horizontal axis only
once, on the x and y axis

Q26. When using media queries, media types are used to target a device category. Which choice lists current valid media types?

print, screen, aural
print, screen, television
print, screen, speech
print, speech, device

Q27. How would you make the first letter of every paragraph on the page red?

p::first-letter { color: red; }
p:first-letter { color: red; }
first-letter::p { color: red; }
first-letter:p { color: red; }

Q28. In this example, what is the selector, property, and value?

p {
  color: #000000;
}

"p" is the selector
"#000000" is the property
"color" is the value

"p" is the selector
"color" is the property
"#000000" is the value

"color" is the selector
"#000000" is the property
"#p" is the value

"color" is the selector
"p" is the property
"#000000" is the value

Q29. What is the rem unit based on?

The rem unit is relative to the font-size of the p element.
You have to set the value for the rem unit by writing a declaration such as rem { font-size: 1 Spx; }
The rem unit is relative to the font-size of the containing (parent) element.
The rem unit is relative to the font-size of the root element of the page.

Q30. Which choice would give a block element rounded corners?

corner-radius: 10px;
border-corner: 10px;
corner-curve: 10px;
border-radius: 10px;

Official doc:

Q31. In the following media query example, what conditions are being targeted?

@media (min-width: 1024px), screen and (orientation: landscape) { … }

The rule will apply to a device that has either a width of 1024px or wider, or is a screen device in landscape mode.
The rule will apply to a device that has a width of 1024px or narrower and is a screen device in landscape mode.
The rule will apply to a device that has a width of 1024px or wider and is a screen device in landscape mode.
The rule will apply to a device that has a width of 1024px or narrower, or is a screen device in landscape mode.

Q32. CSS transform properties are used to change the shape and position of the selected objects. The transform-origin property specifies the location of the element's transformation origin. By default, what is the location of the origin?

the top left corner of the element
the center of the element
the top right corner of the element
the bottom left of the element

Q33. Which of the following is not a valid color value? (Alternative: Which choice is not a valid color value?)

color: #000
color: rgb(0,0,0)
color: #000000
color: 000000

Q34. What is the vertical gap between the two elements below?

<div style="margin-bottom: 2rem;">Div 1</div>
<div style="margin-top: 2rem;">Div 2</div>

2rem
32px
64px
4rem

Reference MDN Webdocs

Q35. When using the Flexbox method, what property and value is used to display flex items in a column?

flex-flow: column; or flex-direction: column
flex-flow: column;
flex-column: auto;
flex-direction: column;

Q36. Which type of declaration will take precedence?

any declarations in user-agent stylesheets
important declarations in user stylesheets
normal declarations in author stylesheets
important declarations in author stylesheets

Q37. The flex-direction property is used to specify the direction that flex items are displayed. What are the values used to specify the direction of the items in the following examples?

- Example 1: flex-direction: row;
- Example 2: flex-direction: row-reverse;
- Example 3: flex-direction: column;
- Example 4: flex-direction: column-reverse;
- Example 1: flex-direction: row-reverse;
- Example 2: flex-direction: row;
- Example 3: flex-direction: column-reverse;
- Example 4: flex-direction: column;
- Example 1: flex-direction: row;
- Example 2: flex-direction: row-reverse;
- Example 3: flex-direction: column;
- Example 4: flex-direction: reverse-column;
- Example 1: flex-direction: column;
- Example 2: flex-direction: column-reverse;
- Example 3: flex-direction: row;
- Example 4: flex-direction: row-reverse;

Q38. There are two sibling combinators that can be used to select elements contained within the same parent element; the general sibling combinator (~) and the adjacent sibling combinator (+). Referring to example below, which elements will the styles be applied to?

h2 ~ p {
  color: blue;
}
h2 + p {
  background: beige;
}

<section>
  <p>paragraph 1</p>
  <h2>Heading</h2>
  <p>paragraph 2</p>
  <p>paragraph 3</p>
</section>

Paragraphs 2 and 3 will be blue. The h2 and paragraph 2 will have a beige background.
Paragraphs 2, and 3 will be blue, and paragraph 2 will have a beige background.
Paragraph 2 will be blue. Paragraphs 2 and 3 will have a beige background.

Note: a variant of the question below.

Q39. Which element(s) will be blue?

h2 ~ p {
  color: blue;
}

<section>
  <p>P1</p>
  <h2>H2</h2>
  <p>P3</p>
  <p>P4</p>
</section>

P3
P1, P3 and P4
P3 and P4
P1

Reference

Note: a variant of the question above.

Q40. When using flexbox, the "justify-content" property can be used to distribute the space between the flex items along the main axis. Which value should be used to evenly distribute the flex items within the container shown below?

justify-content: space-around;
justify-content: center;
justify-content: auto;
justify-content: space-between;

Q41. There are many advantages to using icon fonts. What is one of those advantages?

Icon fonts increase accessibility.
Icon fonts can be used to replace custom fonts.
Icon fonts can be styled with typography related properties such as font-size and color.
Icon fonts are also web safe fonts.

Q42. What is the difference between `display:none` and `visibility:hidden`?

Both will hide the element on the page, but display:none has greater browser support. visibility:hidden is a new property and does not have the best browser support
display:none hides the elements but maintains the space it previously occupied. visibility:hidden will hide the element from view and remove it from the normal flow of the document
display:none hides the element from view and removes it from the normal flow of the document. visibility:hidden will hide the element but maintains the space it previously occupied.
There is no difference; both will hide the element on the page

Q43. What selector and property would you use to scale an element to be 50% smaller on hover?

element:hover {scale: 0.5;}
element:hover {transform: scale(0.5);}
element:hover {scale: 50%;}
element:hover {transform: scale(50%);}

Q44. Which statement regarding icon fonts is true?

Icon fonts can be inserted only using JavaScript.
Icon fonts are inserted as inline images.
Icon fonts require browser extensions.
Icon fonts can be styled with typography-related properties such as font-size and color.

Q45. The values for the font-weight property can be keywords or numbers. For each numbered value below, what is the associated keyword?

font-weight: 400;
font-weight: 700;

bold; normal
normal; bold
light; normal
normal; bolder

Q46. Using the :nth-child pseudo class, what would be the most efficient way to style every third item in a list, no matter how many items are present, starting with item 2?

li:nth-child(3 + 2n) {
  margin: 0 5 px;
}

li:nth-child(3n + 2) {
  margin: 0 5 px;
}

li:nth-child(2),
li:nth-child(5),
li:nth-child(8) {
  margin: 0 5 px;
}

li:nth-child(2n + 3) {
  margin: 0 5 px;
}

Q47. Which selector would select only internal links within the current page?

a[href="#"] {...}
a[href~="#"]
a[href^="#"]
a[href="#"]

Q48. What is the difference between the margin and padding properties?

Margin adds space around and inside of an element; padding adds space only inside of an element.
Margin adds space around an element; padding adds space inside of an element.
Margin adds a line around an element, padding adds space inside of an element.
Margin adds space inside of an element, padding adds space around an element.

Q49. What is not a valid way of declaring a padding value of 10 pixels on the top and bottom, and 0 pixels on the left and right?

padding: 10px 10px 0px 0px;
padding: 10px 0px;
padding: 10px 0;
padding: 10px 0px 10px 0px;

Q50. Is there an error in this code? If so, find the best description of the problem

@font-face {
  font-family: 'Avenir', sans-serif;
  src: url('avenir.woff2') format('woff2'), url('avenir.woff') format('woff');
}

The font file formats are not supported in modern browsers.
The src attribute requires a comma between the URL and format values.
There are no errors in the example.
The sans-serif inclusion is problematic.

Q51. Which style places an element at a fixed location within its container?

position: absolute;
display: flex;
display: block;
float: left;

Q52. The calc() CSS function is often used for calculating relative values. In the example below, what is the specified margin-left value?

.example {
  margin-left: calc(5% + 5px);
}

The left margin value is equal to 5% of its parents element's width plus 5px
The left margin value is equal to 5% of the viewport width plus 5px
The left margin value is equal to 5% of the closest positioned element's width plus 5px
The left margin value is equal to 5% of the selected element's width (.example) plus 5px

Q53. Which code would you use to absolutely position an element of the logo class?

.logo { position: absolute; left: 100px; top: 150px; }
.logo { position: absolute; margin-left: 100px; margin-top: 150px; }
.logo { position: absolute; padding-left: 100px; padding-top: 150px; }
.logo { position: absolute; left-padding: 100px; top-padding: 150px; }

Q54. In this example, what color will Paragraph 1 be?

p:first-of-type {
  color: red;
}
p {
  color: blue;
}
.container {
  color: yellow;
}
p:first-child {
  color: green;
}

<div class="container">
  <h1>Heading</h1>
  <p>Paragraph1</p>
  <p>Paragraph2</p>
</div>

blue
green
red
yellow

Q55. What is the `::placeholder pseudo-element` used for?

It is used to format the appearance of placeholder text within a form control.
It specifies the default input text for a form control.
It writes text content into a hyperlink tooltip.
It writes text content into any page element.

Q56. Which statement is true of the single colon (`:`) or double colon (`::`) notations for pseudo-elements-for example, `::before` and `:before`?

All browsers support single and double colons for new and older pseudo-elements. So you can use either but it is convention to use single colons for consistency.
In CSS3, the double colon notation (::) was introduced to create a consistency between pseudo-elements from pseudo-classes. For newer browsers, use the double colon notation. For IE8 and below, using single colon notation (:).
Only the new CSS3 pseudo-elements require the double colon notation while the CSS2 pseudo-elements do not.
In CSS3, the double colon notation (::) was introduced to differentiate pseudo-elements from pseudo-classes. However, modern browsers support both formats. Older browsers such as IE8 and below do not.

Q57. Which choice is not valid value for the font-style property?

normal
italic
none
oblique

Q58. When would you use the @font-face method?

to set the font size of the text
to load custom fonts into stylesheet
to change the name of the font declared in the font-family
to set the color of the text

Q59. You have a large image that needs to fit into a 400 x 200 pixel area. What should you resize the image to if your users are using Retina displays?

2000 x 1400 pixels
200 x 100 pixels
800 x 400 pixels
400 x 200 pixels

Q60. In Chrome's Developer Tools view, where are the default styles listed?

under the User Agent Stylesheet section on the right
in the third panel under the Layout tab
under the HTML view on the left
in the middle panel

Q61. While HTML controls document structure, CSS controls `___`.

semantic meaning
content meaning
document structure
content appearance

Q62. What is the recommended name you should give the folder that holds your project's images?

images
#images
Images
my images

Q63. What is an advantage of using inline CSS?

It is easier to manage.
It is easier to add multiple styles through it.
It can be used to quickly test local CSS overrides.
It reduces conflict with other CSS definition methods.

Q64. Which W3C status code represents a CSS specification that is fully implemented by modern browsers?

Proposed Recommendation
Working Draft
Recommendation
Candidate Recommendation

Q65. Are any of the following declarations invalid?

color: red; /* declaration A */
font-size: 1em; /* declaration B */
padding: 10px 0; /* declaration C */

Declaration A is invalid.
Declaration B is invalid.
Declaration C is invalid.
All declarations are valid.

Q66. Which CSS will cause your links to have a solid blue background that changes to semitransparent on hover?

a:link {
  background: #0000ff;
}
a:hover {
  background: rgba(0, 0, 255, 0.5);
}

a {
  color: blue;
}
a:hover {
  background: white;
}

a:link {
  background: blue;
}
a:hover {
  color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 0.5);
}

a:hover {
  background: rgba(blue, 50%);
}
a:link {
  background: rgba(blue);
}

Q67. Which CSS rule takes precedence over the others listed?

div.sidebar {}
* {}
div#sidebar2 p {}
.sidebar p {}

Q68. The body of your page includes some HTML sections. How will it look with the following CSS applied?

body {
  background: #ffffff; /* white */
}
section {
  background: #0000ff; /* blue */
  height: 200px;
}

blue sections on a white background
Yellow sections on a blue background
Green sections on a white background
blue sections on a red background

Q69. Which CSS keyword can you use to override standard source order and specificity rules?

!elevate!
*prime
override
!important

Q70. You can use the `___` pseudo-class to set a different color on a link if it was clicked on.

a:visited
a:hover
a:link
a:focus

Q71. Which color will look the brightest on your screen, assuming the background is white?

background-color: #aaa;
background-color: #999999;
background-color: rgba(170,170,170,0.5);
background-color: rgba(170,170,170,0.2);

Q72. Which CSS selector can you use to select all elements on your page associated with the two classes header and clear?

."header clear" {}
header#clear {}
.header.clear {}
.header clear {}

Q73. A universal selector is specified using a(n) `___`.

"h1" string
"a" character
"p" character
"*" character

Q74. In the following CSS code, `'h1'` is the `_`, while `'color'` is the `_`.

h1 {
  color: red;
}

property; declaration
declaration; rule
"p" character
selector; property

Q75. What is an alternate way to define the following CSS rule?

font-weight: bold;

font-weight: 400;
font-weight: medium;
font-weight: 700;
font-weight: Black;

Q76. You want your styling to be based on a font stack consisting of three fonts. Where should the generic font for your font family be specified?

It should be the first one on the list.
Generic fonts are discouraged from this list.
It should be the last one on the list.
It should be the second one on the list.

Note: a variant of the question below.

Q77. When using a font stack to declare the font family, in what order should the values appear?

The first value is the first choice, followed by alternative options, ordered by preference. The last option should be a generic font.
The first value is the first choice. The order of the alternative options does not matter. It depends on what is available on the user's computer.
The first value is the first choice, and must be followed by at least one alternative option before adding the generic font.
The first value is the first choice, followed by a maximum of three alternatives.

Note: a variant of the question above.

Q78. What is one disadvantage of using a web font service?

It requires you to host font files on your own server.
It uses more of your site's bandwidth.
It offers a narrow selection of custom fonts.
It is not always a free service.

Q79. How do you add Google fonts to your project?

by using an HTML link element referring to a Google-provided CSS
by embedding the font file directly into the project's master JavaScript
by using a Google-specific CSS syntax that directly links to the desired font file
by using a standard font-face CSS definition sourcing a font file on Google's servers

Q80. Using the following HTML and CSS example, what will equivalent pixel value be for .em and .rem elements?

html {
  font-size: 10px;
}
body {
  font-size: 2rem;
}
.rem {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
}
.em {
  font-size: 2em;
}

<body>
  <p class="rem"></p>
  <p class="em"></p>
</body>

The .rem will be equivalent to 25px; the .em value will be 20px.
The .rem will be equivalent to 15px; the .em value will be 20px.
The .rem will be equivalent to 15px; the .em value will be 40px.
The .rem will be equivalent to 20px; the .em value will be 40px.

Q81. What property is used to adjust the space between text characters?

font-style
text-transform
font-variant
letter-spacing

Q82. What is the correct syntax for changing the cursor from an arrow to a pointing hand when it interacts with a named element?

.element {cursor: pointer;}
.element {cursor: hand;}
.element {cursor: move-hand;}
.element {cursor: pointer-hand;}

Q83. What is the effect of this style?

background-position: 10% 50%;

The background image is placed 10% from the left and 50% from the top of its container
The background image is placed 10% from the bottom and 50% from the left of its container
The background image is placed 10% from the right and 50% from the bottom of its container
The background image is placed 10% from the top and 50% from the left of its container

Q84. How will the grid items display?

grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr;

The first column is twice the height of the second column and will be as wide as the content
The first column is half the size of the container and the second column will absorb the remaining space
The first column is twice as wide as the second column and will fit proportionally within the grid container
The first column is twice the width and height of the second column, and will fit proportionally within the grid container

Q85. Which style rule would make the image 50% smaller during a hover?

<img id="photo" alt="" src="..." />

img#photo:hover {scale: 0.5;}
img#photo:hover {transform: scale(0.5);}
img#photo {hover-scale: 0.5;}
img#photo:hover {size: smaller;}

Q86. Which CSS properties can you use to create a rounded corner on just the top-left and top-right corners of an element?

A. border-radius: 10px 10px 0 0;
B. border-top-left-radius: 10px; and border-top-right-radius: 10px;
C. border-radius: 10px 0;
D. border-top-radius: 10px;

A and C
C and D
B and C
A and B

Q87. Review the HTML example below. Then choose the list of selectors that select the <p>, from lowest to highest specificity.

<section>
  <p class="example">...</p>
</section>

1. section \* {
  ...;
}
2. [class*='example'] {
  ...;
}
3. p.example {
  ...;
}
4. section p {
  ...;
}

1. p {
  ...;
}
2. p.example {
  ...;
}
3. section p {
  ...;
}
4. [class*='example'] {
  ...;
}

1. p.example {
  ...;
}
2. section p {
  ...;
}
3. [class*='example'] {
  ...;
}
4. section \* {
  ...;
}

1. p {
  ...;
}
2. section p {
  ...;
}
3. [class*='example'] {
  ...;
}
4. p.example {
  ...;
}

Q88. Which property is used to create a drop shadow effect on an HTML element?

element-shadow
outer-shadow
dropbox-shadow
box-shadow

Q89. What is the correct selector for targeting all text inputs that are not disabled?

input[type="text"]:not([disabled]) {...}
input[type="text"]:not("disabled") {...}
input[type*="text"]:not([disabled="disabled"]) {...}
input[type="text"]:not([type="disabled"]) {...}

input[type="text"] selects all the input with type text, and :not([disabled]) selects all the elements not having the attribute "disabled". Combining both only selects all the input elements with type attribte as "text" and not having "disabled" attribute.`

Reference link attribute-selector

Reference link-:not()

Q90. How can you create a semi-transparent background color?

background-color: hsl(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
background-color: rgbx(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);

rgba is a funtion in css. rgba stands for red, green, blue and alpha. The value of alpha can be between 0 and 1 both inclusive with 0 being fully transparent and 1 being fully opaque.

Reference link-rgba

Q91. Using this HTML markup, how would you select only the headings contained within the `<header>` element?

<header>
  <hl>Heading 1</h1>
  <h2>Heading 2</h2>
</header>
<h2>Heading 2</h2>

header h1, header h2 {...}
header h1 + header h2 {...}
header h1, h2 {...}
h1, h2 {...}

Q92. Suppose you want to have a list of items (.item) displayed in a row and in reverse order using flexbox. What is the error in the CSS below?

.container {
  display: flex;
}
.item {
  border: 1px solid red;
  flex-direction: row-reverse;
}

The value for flex-direction should be reverse-row.
The .container element should have a property of flex: display.
The flex-direction property should be declared in the container.
The display value should be flex-inline to display the items in a row.

Q93. Which choice is not a valid transition?

transition: margin 1000ms ease-in-out;
transition: color 1.3s ease-in;
transition: position 400ms linear;
transition: opacity 1s ease-in;

MDN:
MDM:
W3s
W3s

Q94. In this example, what color will the paragraphs be and why?

article p {
  color: blue;
}
article > p {
  color: green;
}

<article>
  <p>Paragraph 1</p>

  <aside>
    <p>Paragraph 2</p>
  </aside>
</article>

Paragraph 1 will be blue. Paragraph 2 will be green.
Both paragraphs will be green.
Paragraph 1 will be green. Paragraph 2 will be blue.
Both paragraphs will be blue.

Q95. Review the declaration of border style shown below. What is the corresponding longhand syntax?

border: 1px solid red;

border-size: 1px;
border-style: solid;
border-color: red;

border-size: 1px;
border-type: solid;
border-color: red;

border-width: 1px;
border-style: solid;
border-color: red;

border-width: 1px;
border-line: solid;
border-color: red;

Q96. Pseudo-classes are used to `_`.

style the state of the selected element
insert presentational content
style a specific part of the selected element
style the elements using class selectors

Q97. In this example, what styles will be applied to which elements?

section {
  color: gray;
}

<section>
  <p>paragraph</p>
  <a href="#">link</a>
</section>

The paragraph and link will be gray.
The background color of the section element will be gray.
The paragraph will be gray. The link will be the browser default, black.
Only the paragraph will be gray.

Q98. Which answer is an example of a type selector (also sometimes referred to as an element selector)?

.header {...}
header {...}
#header {...}
header > h1 {...}

Q99. What is the correct order for listing different link states in a website so those states display correctly on the page?

```
a
a:hover
```
```
:link
:visited
:hover
:active
:focus
```
```
:active
:focus
:hover
:link
:visited
```
```
:link
:visited
:focus
:hover
:active
```

Q100. Which selector is used to select the paragraph element that is a direct descendent of section?

section * p
section + p
section ~ p
section > p

Child combinator

Q101. For this code, what is the font color of the hypertext link?

ul {
  --color: red;
}
p {
  color: var(--color);
}
a {
  color: var(--color, orange);
}

<p>Paragraph</p>
<ul>
  <li>
    <a href="#">list item a link </a>
  </li>
  <li>list item</li>
</ul>

red
orange
blue
black

Reference

Q102. Which statement is not true?

Specificity determines which CSS rule is applied by the browsers.
When two selectors apply to the same element, the one with lower specificity wins.
The last rule defined overrides all previous rules and even conflicting rules.
Rules with more specific selectors have greater specificity.

Reference

Q103. What is the output of the margin value when used within this context, assuming that its containing element is larger than 800px?

.example {
  width: 800px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

The example element will have 0 margin space around the whole element. The auto value will center align the element horizontally and vertically within its container.
The example element will have 0 margin space on the left and right. It will be sized automatically on the top and bottom, which will center align the element within its container.
The example element will have 0 margin space on the top and bottom. The margin will be sized automatically on the left and right, which may center align the element within its container.
The margin value is invalid because its missing a unit measurement after the 0.

Source: SOW

Q104. There are currently four viewport-percentage lengths that can be used to define the value relative to the viewport size: vw, vh, vmin, and vmax. If the current viewport size has a width of 800px and a height of 600px, what will these values be equivalent to in pixels?

10vw = ?px
10vh = ?px
10vmin = ?px
10vmax = ?px

10vw = 80px 10vh = 60px 10vmin = 60px 10vmax = 80px
10vw = 60px 10vh = 80px 10vmin = 80px 10vmax = 60px
10vw = 8px 10vh = 6px 10vmin = 6px 10vmax = 8px
10vw = 6px 10vh = 8px 10vmin = 8px 10vmax = 6px

Q105. Referring to the HTML markup and CSS example below, which element(s) will be targeted?

p:first-of-type:first-letter {
  color: red;
}

<body>
  <p>Paragraph 1.</p>
  <p>Paragraph 2.</p>

  <article>
    <h1>Heading</h1>
    <p>Paragraph 3.</p>
    <p>paragraph 4.</p>
  </article>

  <section>
    <p>Paragraph 5.</p>
    <p>Paragraph 6.</p>
  </section>
</body>

The first letter in all paragraphs will be red.
Only the first letter in paragraphs 1 and 5 will be red.
The first letter in paragraphs 1, 3, and 5 will be red.
Only the first letter in paragraph 1 will be red.Only

Q106. Which five style features are associated with the box model?

margin, padding, border, width, height
width, height, z-index, overflow, font size
margin, padding, font size, line height, border
font size, line height, letter spacing, width, height

Q107. Which choice will not set all links that include domain.com to pink?

A

a[href$='domain.com'] {
  color: pink;
}

B

a[href='*domain.com'] {
  color: pink;
}

C

a[href*='domain.com'] {
  color: rgb(255, 155, 155);
}

D

a[href*='domain.com'] {
  color: pink;
}

Reference

Q108. Which property and value pair could be used to apply a linear gradient effect?

css background: linear-gradient(#648880, #293f50);
css background-image: linear(#648880, #293f50);
css background: gradient(linear, #648880, #293f50);
css background-color: linear-gradient(#648880, #293f50);

Q109. You want to add a background circle behind an icon. Which style declaration is correct?

A

.glyphicon-bgcircle {
  circle-radius: 50%;
  margins: 50px;
  background-color: #fdadc6;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 1);
  font-size: 24px;
}

B

glyphicon-bgcircle {
  border-circle: 50%;
  padding: 50px;
  background-color: #fdadc6;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 1);
  font-size: 24px;
}

C

.glyphicon-bgcircle {
  border-radius: 50%;
  padding: 50px;
  background-color: #fdadc6;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 1);
  font-size: 24px;
}

D

.glyphicon-bgcircle {
  radius-rounded: 50%;
  margins: auto;
  background-color: #fdadc6;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 1);
  font-size: 24px;
}

Q110. Which items are valid values for the font-size property?

A. font-size: xsmall
B. font-size: 50%
C. font-size: 1em
D. font-size: 20px

C, D
B, C, D
A, C
A, B, C, D

Q111. In this image, the blue box and sample text are both contained within the same parent element. The blue box is floated on the left margin of the container. Why is it not contained with the container?

Floating the blue box increased its height.
Floating the blue box on the left also moves it down.
Floating the blue box actually shifts it to the right and down.
Floating the blue box took it out of document flow and the container is sized only to the sample text.

Q112. Given this code, which CSS declaration of .overlay will span the entire width and height of its container?

<style>
.container {
  position: relative;
  height: 200px;
  width: 200px;
  border: 1px solid black;
}
</style>
<div class="container"><div class="overlay"></div></div>

A

.overlay {
  position: static;
  top: 200px;
  bottom: 200px;
  right: 200px;
  left: 200px;
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
}

B

.overlay {
  position: absolute;
  top: 200px;
  bottom: 200px;
  right: 200px;
  left: 200px;
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
}

C

.overlay {
  position: static;
  top: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  right: 0;
  left: 0;
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
}

D

.overlay {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  right: 0;
  left: 0;
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
}

Q113. Which missing line of code would place the text on top of the image?

<div class="container">
  <img src="grumpy-cat.gif" />
  <p>The z-index property is cool!</p>
</div>

img {
  position: absolute;
  left: 0px;
  top: 0px;
  // Missing line
}

z-index: 1;
z-index: -1;
z-index: 0;
z-index: true;

Q114. To make the font size of an element one size smaller than the font size of the element's container, which style property would you apply?

font-size: reduce;
font-size: 8px;
font-size: -1em;
font-size: smaller;

Q115. Given this markup, which selector would result in the text being highlighted in yellow?

<span class="highlight">#BLM</span>

A

.highlight {
  background-color: yellow;
}

B

#highlight {
  background-color: yellow;
}

C

.highlight {
  color: yellow;
}

D

#highlight {
  color: yellow;
}

Highlight Background

Q116. To prevent a background image from tiling in any direction, which style property would you apply?

A

background-repeat: no-repeat;

B

background-repeat: fixed;

C

background-repeat: none;

D

background-tile: none;

Q117. To rotate an object 30 degrees counterclockwise, which style property would you apply?

transform: rotate(-30deg);
transform: rotate(30deg);
rotate: 30deg;
spin: 30deg;

Reference

Q118. Which style rule would you apply to set the background image to display the contents of the wood.png file?

background-image: file('wood.png');
background-image: url('wood.png');
background-image: wood.png;
image: wood.png

Q119. What style rule would set the font color of only paragraph two to blue?

<section><p>paragraph one</p></section><p>paragraph two</p>

A

section > p {
  color: blue;
}

B

p {
  color: blue;
}

C

section + p {
  color: blue;
}

D

p + section {
  color: blue;
}

Reference

Q120. You want to move an element up 100px. Which CSS property would you use?

transform: translateX(-100px)
transform: translateY(-100px)
transform: translateY(100px)
transform: translateX(100px)

Q121. Which style will horizontally center the inner <div> within the outer <div>?

<div id="outer">
  <div id="inner">Center Me!</div>
</div>

A

#inner {
  width: 50%;
}

#outer {
  width: 100%;
}

B

#inner {
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  position: center;
}

C

#inner {
  text-align: center;
}

D

#inner {
  width: 50%;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

Q122. Which corner will the puppy be in when these CSS rules are applied?

.pen {
  height: 100px;
  width: 100px;
  border: 2px dashed brown;
  position: relative;
}

#puppy {
  position: absolute;
  right: 80px;
  bottom: 0px;
}

<div class="pen">
  <span id="puppy">🐶</span>
</div>

top-right corner
bottom-right corner
top-left corner
bottom-left corner

Q123. Which choice uses the correct syntax for adding a hover pseudo class to element ?

a:hover {...}
a :hover {...}
a.hover {...}
a hover {...}

Reference

Q124. Which missing code will give "Cellar Door" a shadow?

  <style>
    #cellar-door {
      box-shadow: 3px 5px 10px #000;
    }
    .text-shadow {
      text-shadow: 3px 5px 10px #000;
    }
  </style>

  <h1 _____> Cellar Door</h1>

class="text-shadow"
id="cellar-door"
id="text-shadow"
class="cellar-door"

Reference

Q125. Which choice is a valid example of a comment in CSS?

-- This line has been cancelled.
/* This line has been cancelled. */
// This line has been cancelled.
# This line has been cancelled.

Reference

Q126. Which element(s) will be displayed in blue text?

    h2 ~ p {
      color: blue;
    }
  <section>
    <p>P1</p>
    <h2>H2</h2>
    <p>P3</p>
    <p>P4</p>
  </section>

P3
P1, P3 and P4
P3 and P4
P1

Reference

Q127. When these pseudo class selectors are applied to a link, what states will the styles be applied to?

a:visited {
  ...;
}
a:active {
  ...;
}
a:hover {
  ...;
}
a:focus {
  ...;
}

:visited styles are applied after the link has been opened. :active styles are applied on mouse click and hold. :hover styles are applied on mouse over or mouse click and hold. :focus styles are applied when a Tab key on a keyboard is used to navigate through links.
:visited styles are applied after the link has been opened. :active styles are applied on mouse click. :hover styles are applied on mouse over. :focus styles are applied on mouse click and hold, or when a Tab key on a keyboard is used to navigate through links.
:visited styles are applied after the link has been opened. :active styles are applied on mouse click only and before mouse release. :hover styles are applied on mouse over. :focus styles are applied when a Tab key on a keyboard is used to navigate through links.
:visited styles are applied on mouse hold. :active styles are applied when the link has been opened. :hover styles are applied on mouse over. :focus styles are applied when a Tab key on a keyboard is used to navigate through links.

Reference

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CSS

Q1. Among these selectors which selector has the highest specificity ranking for selecting the anchor link element?

Q2. Using an attribute selector, how would you select an <a> element with a "title" attribute?

Q3. What is the CSS selector for an <a> tag containing the title attribute?

Q4. CSS grid and flexbox are now becoming a more popular way to create page layouts. However, floats are still commonly used, especially when working with an older code base, or if you need to support older browser version. What are two valid techniques used to clear floats?

Q5. What element(s) do the following selectors match to?

Q6. When adding transparency styles, what is the difference between using the opacity property versus the background property with an rgba() value?

Q7. What is true of block and inline elements? (Alternative: Which statement about block and inline elements is true?)

Q8. CSS grid introduced a new length unit, fr, to create flexible grid tracks. Referring to the code sample below, what will the widths of the three columns be?

Q9. If the width of the container is 500 pixels, what would the width of the three columns be in this layout?

Q10. What is the line-height property primarily used for?

Q11. Three of these choices are true about class selectors. Which is NOT true?

Q12. What is not true about class selectors?

Q13. There are many properties that can be used to align elements and create page layouts such as float, position, flexbox and grid. Of these four properties, which one should be used to align a global navigation bar which stays fixed at the top of the page?

Q14. In the shorthand example below, which individual background properties are represented?

Q15. In this example, according to cascading and specificity rules, what color will the link be?

Q16. When elements overlap, they are ordered on the z-axis (i.e., which element covers another). The z-index property can be used to specify the z-order of overlapping elements. Which set of statements about the z-index property are true?

Q17. When elements within a container overlap, the z-index property can be used to indicate how those items are stacked on top of each other. Which set of statements is true?

Q18. What is the difference between the following line-height settings?

Q19. In the following example, what color will paragraph one and paragraph two be? (Alternative: In this example, what color will paragraphs one and two be?)

Q20. What are three valid ways of adding CSS to an HTML page?

Q21. Which of the following is true of the SVG image format? (Alternative: Which statement about the SVG image format is true?)

Q22. In the example below, when will the color pink be applied to the anchor element?

Q23. To change the color of an SVG using CSS, which property is used?

Q24. When using position: fixed, what will the element always be positioned relative to?

Q25. By default, a background image will repeat _

Q26. When using media queries, media types are used to target a device category. Which choice lists current valid media types?

Q27. How would you make the first letter of every paragraph on the page red?

Q28. In this example, what is the selector, property, and value?

Q29. What is the rem unit based on?

Q30. Which choice would give a block element rounded corners?

Q31. In the following media query example, what conditions are being targeted?

Q32. CSS transform properties are used to change the shape and position of the selected objects. The transform-origin property specifies the location of the element's transformation origin. By default, what is the location of the origin?

Q33. Which of the following is not a valid color value? (Alternative: Which choice is not a valid color value?)

Q34. What is the vertical gap between the two elements below?

Q35. When using the Flexbox method, what property and value is used to display flex items in a column?

Q36. Which type of declaration will take precedence?

Q37. The flex-direction property is used to specify the direction that flex items are displayed. What are the values used to specify the direction of the items in the following examples?

Q38. There are two sibling combinators that can be used to select elements contained within the same parent element; the general sibling combinator (~) and the adjacent sibling combinator (+). Referring to example below, which elements will the styles be applied to?

Q39. Which element(s) will be blue?

Q40. When using flexbox, the "justify-content" property can be used to distribute the space between the flex items along the main axis. Which value should be used to evenly distribute the flex items within the container shown below?

Q41. There are many advantages to using icon fonts. What is one of those advantages?

Q42. What is the difference between display:none and visibility:hidden?

Q43. What selector and property would you use to scale an element to be 50% smaller on hover?

Q44. Which statement regarding icon fonts is true?

Q45. The values for the font-weight property can be keywords or numbers. For each numbered value below, what is the associated keyword?

Q46. Using the :nth-child pseudo class, what would be the most efficient way to style every third item in a list, no matter how many items are present, starting with item 2?

Q47. Which selector would select only internal links within the current page?

Q48. What is the difference between the margin and padding properties?

Q49. What is not a valid way of declaring a padding value of 10 pixels on the top and bottom, and 0 pixels on the left and right?

Q50. Is there an error in this code? If so, find the best description of the problem

Q51. Which style places an element at a fixed location within its container?

Q52. The calc() CSS function is often used for calculating relative values. In the example below, what is the specified margin-left value?

Q53. Which code would you use to absolutely position an element of the logo class?

Q54. In this example, what color will Paragraph 1 be?

Q55. What is the ::placeholder pseudo-element used for?

Q56. Which statement is true of the single colon (:) or double colon (::) notations for pseudo-elements-for example, ::before and :before?

Q57. Which choice is not valid value for the font-style property?

Q58. When would you use the @font-face method?

Q59. You have a large image that needs to fit into a 400 x 200 pixel area. What should you resize the image to if your users are using Retina displays?

Q60. In Chrome's Developer Tools view, where are the default styles listed?

Q61. While HTML controls document structure, CSS controls ___.

Q62. What is the recommended name you should give the folder that holds your project's images?

Q63. What is an advantage of using inline CSS?

Q64. Which W3C status code represents a CSS specification that is fully implemented by modern browsers?

Q65. Are any of the following declarations invalid?

Q66. Which CSS will cause your links to have a solid blue background that changes to semitransparent on hover?

Q67. Which CSS rule takes precedence over the others listed?

Q68. The body of your page includes some HTML sections. How will it look with the following CSS applied?

Q69. Which CSS keyword can you use to override standard source order and specificity rules?

Q70. You can use the ___ pseudo-class to set a different color on a link if it was clicked on.

Q71. Which color will look the brightest on your screen, assuming the background is white?

Q72. Which CSS selector can you use to select all elements on your page associated with the two classes header and clear?

Q73. A universal selector is specified using a(n) ___.

Q2. Using an attribute selector, how would you select an `<a>` element with a "title" attribute?

Q3. What is the CSS selector for an `<a>` tag containing the title attribute?

Q6. When adding transparency styles, what is the difference between using the opacity property versus the background property with an `rgba()` value?

Q42. What is the difference between `display:none` and `visibility:hidden`?

Q55. What is the `::placeholder pseudo-element` used for?

Q56. Which statement is true of the single colon (`:`) or double colon (`::`) notations for pseudo-elements-for example, `::before` and `:before`?

Q61. While HTML controls document structure, CSS controls `___`.

Q70. You can use the `___` pseudo-class to set a different color on a link if it was clicked on.

Q73. A universal selector is specified using a(n) `___`.

Q74. In the following CSS code, `'h1'` is the `_`, while `'color'` is the `_`.

Q91. Using this HTML markup, how would you select only the headings contained within the `<header>` element?

Q96. Pseudo-classes are used to `_`.