Merge pull request #6 from virtual-labs/dev

Dev

experiment/README.md

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+This folder has 
+### Aim
+### Theory
+### Procedure
+### Pre Test
+### Post Test
+### References

experiment/aim.md

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+
+####  To measure isolation and coupling factor of a three port circulators.

experiment/contributors.md

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+
+<!-- Remove all lines above this line before making changes to the file -->
+### Lab Proposer/Subject Matter Experts
+| SNo. | Name | Email | Institute | Position |
+| :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: |
+| 1 | Prof. RS Anand | anandfee@gmail.com | IIT Roorkee | Professor |
+
+### Person Associated in the Lab Developement
+| SNo. | Name | Email | Institute | Position |
+| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
+| 1 | Rajeev Kumar | rajeevkumar.rke@gmail.com | IIT Roorkee | Senior Research Fellow |
+| 2 | Pragya Daksh | prgdaksh@gmail.com | IIT Roorkee | Project Associate |
+| 3 | Nipun jain | nipunjain1305@gmail.com | IIT Roorkee | Project Associate |

experiment/details.json

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+{
+
+   "details": [
+       {
+			"Experiment": "To Measure the Scattering Parameters of Circulator.",     
+			"Lab": "Microwave Engineering",               
+			"Discipline": "",				 
+			"Technology": "HTML, JavaScript, CSS"         
+       }
+   ],
+
+   "developer": [
+       {       
+      "Developer": "Prof. RS Anand",         
+      "Institute": "Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee",         
+      "InstituteAcronym": "IITR"   
+       }
+   ],
+
+   "contributer": [
+
+       {       
+			"Contributer": "Rajeev Kumar",              
+      "Institute": "Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee",               
+			"InstituteAcronym": "IITR"         
+       },
+
+       {       
+			"Contributer": "Nipun Jain",             
+      "Institute": "Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee",               
+			"InstituteAcronym": "IITR"         
+       },
+
+       {       
+			"Contributer": "Piyush Rawat",             
+      "Institute": "Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee",               
+			"InstituteAcronym": "IITR"         
+       },
+
+       {       
+      "Contributer": "Pragya Daksh",             
+      "Institute": "Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee",               
+      "InstituteAcronym": "IITR"         
+       }
+   ]
+
+}

experiment/experiment-name.md

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+## To Measure the Scattering Parameters of Circulator.

experiment/postest.md

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+## Post test
+#### Please attempt the following questions
+
+
+Q1. Which type of circulator typically has the highest power handling capability?<br>
+
+<b>A   Differential phase shift</b>  
+B   Lumped constant  
+C   Okada  
+D   Field displacement  
+<br>
+
+Q2. What is the primary difference between a circulator and an isolator?<br>
+
+A   Circulators are round, whereas isolators are not  
+<b>B   The isolator has an internally terminated, inaccessible port</b>  
+C   Isolators have higher power handling than circulators  
+D   Circulators have higher power handling than isolators  
+<br>
+
+Q3. Which ferrite device can be used instead of a duplexer to isolate a microwave transmitter and receiver when both are connected to the same antenna?<br>
+
+A   Isolator  
+B   Magnetron  
+C   Simplex  
+<b>D   Circulator</b>  
+<br>
+
+Q4. A modern device that replaces a slotted line is:<br>
+
+A   Digital CRO  
+B   Generators  
+<b>C   Network analyzers</b>    
+D   Computers  
+<br>
+
+Q5. Reflectometer can also be used as a frequency meter.<br>
+
+<b>A   True</b>  
+B   False<br>
+
+
+

experiment/posttest.json

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+[{"question":"Which type of circulator typically has the highest power handling capability?","answers":{"a":"Differential phase shift","b":"Lumped constant","c":"Okada","d":"Field displacement"},"correctAnswer":"a"},
+{"question":"What is the primary difference between a circulator and an isolator?","answers":{"a":"Circulators are round, whereas isolators are not","b":"The isolator has an internally terminated, inaccessible port","c":"Isolators have higher power handling than circulators","d":"Circulators have higher power handling than isolators"},"correctAnswer":"b"},
+{"question":"Which ferrite device can be used instead of a duplexer to isolate a microwave transmitter and receiver when both are connected to the same antenna?","answers":{"a":"Isolator","b":"Magnetron","c":"Simplex","d":"Circulator"},"correctAnswer":"d"},
+{"question":"A modern device that replaces a slotted line is:","answers":{"a":"Digital CRO","b":"Generators","c":"Network analyzers","d":"Computers"},"correctAnswer":"c"},
+{"question":"Reflectometer can also be used as a frequency meter.","answers":{"a":"True","b":"False"},"correctAnswer":"a"}]
+
+

experiment/pretest.json

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+[{"question":"________ is a three-port microwave device that can be lossless and matched at all spots.","answers":{"a":"Hybrid junction","b":"Magic Tee","c":"Circulator","d":"Isolator"},"correctAnswer":"c"},
+{"question":"The total number of ones in the scattering matrix of an ideal circulator is:","answers":{"a":4,"b":3,"c":2,"d":5},"correctAnswer":"b"},
+{"question":"A circulator device can also used as an isolator with a few modifications.","answers":{"a":"True","b":"False"},"correctAnswer":"a"},
+{"question":"What is the primary characteristic of a circulator?","answers":{"a":"It is round in shape","b":"It must be free to rotate","c":"Energy is evenly distributed among all ports","d":"Energy entering one port is coupled to an adjacent port, but to no other ports"},"correctAnswer":"d"},
+{"question":"In which resonance region do most waveguide circulators operate?","answers":{"a":"Above resonance","b":"Below resonance","c":"Both above and below resonance","d":"Neither above nor below resonance"},"correctAnswer":"b"}]

experiment/pretest.md

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+##  Pre Test 
+#### Please attempt the following questions
+
+
+Q1. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a three-port microwave device that can be lossless and matched at all spots.<br>
+
+A   Hybrid junction  
+B   Magic Tee  
+<b>C   Circulator</b>  
+D   Isolator  
+<br>
+
+
+Q2. The total number of ones in the scattering matrix of an ideal circulator is:<br>
+
+A   4  
+<b>B   3</b>  
+C   2  
+D   5  
+<br>
+
+
+Q3. A circulator device can also used as an isolator with a few modifications.<br>
+
+<b>A   True</b>  
+B   False  
+<br>
+
+
+Q4. What is the primary characteristic of a circulator?<br>
+
+A   It is round in shape  
+B   It must be free to rotate  
+C   Energy is evenly distributed among all ports  
+<b>D   Energy entering one port is coupled to an adjacent port, but to no other ports</b>  
+<br>
+
+
+Q5. In which resonance region do most waveguide circulators operate?<br>
+
+A   Above resonance  
+<b>B   Below resonance</b>  
+C   Both above and below resonance  
+D   Neither above nor below resonance
+

experiment/procedure.md

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+## Procedure<br>
+
+<div style="text-align:justify;">
+
+### Instructions to Record the Value for V1
+
+**Step-1:** Click on Components button for components to pop up.  
+**Step-2:** Click on the "Components", drag them to the test bench and place them as shown in fig. 1.  
+
+<center>
+
+![Setup1](images/setup1.jpeg)
+
+**Fig. 1 Setup for recording V1 values**
+</center>
+
+
+**Step-3:** After placing the components on the test bench, connect the wires accordingly.  
+**Step-4:** If your connections are correct then you may continue to take down the readings, if not then click on "Reset Button" and try it again.  
+**Step-5:** Move the "Beam Voltage" knob and set it to 250 or above to record your readings.  
+**Step-6:** Toggle the switch button and move the "Reflector Voltage" knob to set the reflector voltage to maximum negative value.  
+**Step-7:** As soon as you start varying the reflector voltage you will observe a waveform on CRO.  
+**Step-8:** Keep varying the "Reflector voltage" till you get square waveform on CRO (You will get square waveforms at these values 120 and 145 of voltage).  
+**Step-9:** As soon as you observe square waveform on CRO, count the division covered by the square waveform.  
+**Step-10:** Note down the number of division in input box for V1.  
+**Step-11:** Click on "Add to table" button to record the readings for V1, Beam Voltage and Reflector Voltage.  
+**Step-12:** Click on "Print" button to print your current page (readings and connections) or to save your page (readings and connections) in a PDF form. After clicking on "Print Button" set the layout as "Landscape" to get a proper view of the page then go to more settings and click on the checkbox named "Background graphics".  
+**Step-13:** Click on "Next" button.
+
+
+
+
+
+### Instructions to Record the Value for V2
+
+**Step-1:** Click on Components button for components to pop up.  
+**Step-2:** Click on the "Components" (for more components click on "More Components" button), drag them to the test bench and place them as shown in fig. 2.  
+
+<center>
+
+![Setup2](images/setup2.jpeg)
+
+**Fig. 2 Setup for recording V2 values**
+</center>
+
+
+
+**Step-3:** After placing the components on the test bench, connect the wires accordingly.  
+**Step-4:** If your connections are correct then you may continue to take down the readings, if not then click on "Reset Button" and try it again.  
+**Step-5:** Toggle the switch button and observe the waveform on CRO for same value of Reflector Voltage.  
+**Step-6:** Now the waveform observed will be different as we are taking output from port 2 of a circulator using detector mount.  
+**Step-7:** Note down the number of division in input box for V2.  
+**Step-8:** Click on "Add to table" button to record the readings for V2.  
+**Step-9:** Click on "Print" button to print your current page (readings and connections) or to save your page (readings and connections) in a PDF form. After clicking on "Print Button" set the layout as "Landscape" to get a proper view of the page then go to more settings and click on the checkbox named "Background graphics".  
+**Step-10:** Click on "Next" button.
+
+
+
+### Instructions to Record the Value for V3
+
+**Step-1:** Click on Components button for components to pop up.  
+**Step-2:** Click on the "Components", drag them to the test bench and place them as shown in fig. 3.  
+
+<center>
+
+![Setup3](images/setup3.jpeg)
+
+**Fig. 3 Setup for recording V3 values**
+</center>
+
+**Step-3:** After placing the components on the test bench, connect the wires accordingly.  
+**Step-4:** If your connections are correct then you may continue to take down the readings, if not then click on "Reset Button" and try it again.  
+**Step-5:** Toggle the switch button and observe the waveform on CRO for same value of Reflector Voltage.  
+**Step-6:** Now the waveform observed will be different as we are taking output from port 3 of a circulator using detector mount.  
+**Step-7:** Note down the number of division in input box for V3.  
+**Step-8:** Click on "Add to table" button to record the readings for V3.  
+**Step-9:** Click on "Calculate" button to get the values of Coupling factor and Isolation of a Circulator.  
+**Step-10:** Click on "Print" button to print your current page (readings and connections) or to save your page (readings and connections) in a PDF form. After clicking on "Print Button" set the layout as "Landscape" to get a proper view of the page then go to more settings and click on the checkbox named "Background graphics".
+
+
+</div>

experiment/references.md

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+1. D M Pozar, "Microwave Engineering", John Wiley & Sons, 3rd Ed. 2012.    
+2. Annapurna Das, Sisir Das, "Microwave Engineering", Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 2000.     
+3. Michael Steer, "Microwave and RF Design", Scitech Publishing, 2nd Ed. 2013.  
+4. Thomas H. Lee, "Planar Microwave Engineering", Cambridge University Press, 2004.  
+5. Scattering Parameters of a Circulator - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xxMZAI3v6kg