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<meta content="Bikeshed version 82ce88815, updated Thu Sep 7 16:33:55 2023 -0700" name="generator">
<link href="https://www.w3.org/reports/identity-web-impact/" rel="canonical">
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<div class="head">
<p data-fill-with="logo"><a class="logo" href="https://www.w3.org/"> <img alt="W3C" height="48" src="https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/2021/logos/W3C" width="72"> </a> </p>
<h1 class="p-name no-ref" id="title">Identity &amp; the Web</h1>
<p id="w3c-state"><time class="dt-updated" datetime="2024-09-04">4 September 2024</time></p>
<p id="w3c-state"><time class="dt-updated" datetime="2024-09-13">13 September 2024</time></p>
<details open>
<summary>More details about this document</summary>
<div data-fill-with="spec-metadata">
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<p>The actors exchange:</p>
<ul>
<li data-md>
<p><strong>Verifiable Credential (VC)</strong>: When the Issuer sends them to the Holder, who then stores it in their Wallet. Credential is called <em>Verifiable</em> because has <em>technologies, such as digital signatures, makes verifiable credentials more tamper-evident and more trustworthy than their physical counterparts</em>.</p>
<p><strong>Verifiable Credential (VC)</strong>: When the Issuer sends them to the Holder, who then stores it in their Wallet. The word <em>Verifiable</em> refers to the characteristic of a credential (or presentation) as being able to be verified (though cryptographic mechanisms) by a <em>Verifier</em>. The addition of technologies, such as digital signatures, makes verifiable credentials more tamper-evident and more trustworthy than their physical counterparts.</p>
<ul>
<li data-md>
<p><strong>Metadata</strong>: of the Credentials.</p>
<p><strong>Metadata</strong>: of the Credentials, to describe properties such as the <em>Issuer</em>, the expiry date and time, a representative image, the <em>Issuer</em> public key to use for verification purposes, the revocation mechanism, and so on.</p>
<li data-md>
<p><strong>Claim(s)</strong>: one or more assertions where a characteristic of a subject is described (e.g., the subject is a citizen of a certain state, was born in a certain place on a certain day, month, and year, and can drive cars of this type).</p>
<li data-md>
<p><strong>Proof(s)</strong>: cryptographic proof of the integrity of the credential, typically via a digital signature.</p>
<p><strong>Proof(s)</strong>: cryptographic proof of the integrity and the authenticity of the credential, typically via a digital signature. The proof is generated by the Issuer.</p>
</ul>
<li data-md>
<p><strong>Verifiable Presentation (VP)</strong>: When the Holder sends a credential to the Verifier, which then verifies it. The basic case is to present the credential as is. However, in many scenarios, the holder may wish to present only a subset of the credential claims to the verifier - called <em>Selective Disclosure (SD)</em> - or a combination of information from different credentials. It contains:</p>
<p><strong>Verifiable Presentation (VP)</strong>: When the Holder sends a credential to the Verifier, which then verifies it. VC are used to present claims to a Verifier by proving control over credentials that certify them. The basic case is to present the credential as is. However, in many scenarios, the holder may wish to present only a subset of the credential claims to the verifier - this mechanism is called <em>Selective Disclosure (SD)</em> - or a combination of information from different credentials. It may contain:</p>
<ul>
<li data-md>
<p><strong>Metadata</strong>: of the presentation.</p>
<p><strong>Metadata</strong>: of the Presentation, including the <em>Issuer</em> public key to use for verification purposes.</p>
<li data-md>
<p><strong>Credential(s)</strong>: information derived or combined from one or more credentials.</p>
<p><strong>Credential(s)</strong>: information derived or combined from one or more credentials. If <em>Selective Disclosure</em> is adopted, no credentials are shown, but only a subset of the credential claims.</p>
<li data-md>
<p><strong>Proof(s)</strong>: cryptographic proof of the integrity of the credential(s) and the presentation.</p>
<p><strong>Proof(s)</strong>: cryptographic proof of the integrity and authenticity of the presentation. The proof is generated by the Holder. It consists in a proof of knowledge of a credential certifying the (dislosed) credential claims. If <em>Selective Disclosure</em> is adopted, the proof is obtained through the use of a cryptographic zero-knowledge proof.</p>
</ul>
</ul>
<p class="note" role="note"><span class="marker">Note:</span> Refer to Ivan Herman’s <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/vc-overview/">W3C Verifiable Credentials Overview</a> for a comprehensive overview of Verifiable Credentials.</p>
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<h5 class="heading settled" data-level="3.3.1.5" id="identifiers-and-namespaces"><span class="secno">3.3.1.5. </span><span class="content">Layer 1: Identifiers and Namespaces</span><a class="self-link" href="#identifiers-and-namespaces"></a></h5>
<p>At this level, we find identifiers and the Verifiable Data Registry (VDR), where referenced information is written, updated, read, and deleted.</p>
<p>As identifiers, we mainly refer to the <strong>Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs)</strong>, a new Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-rfc3986" title="Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax">[RFC3986]</a> type that allows entities and resources to be identified. DIDs, along with Verifiable Credentials, are considered one of the two pillars of decentralized models —</p>
<p>DIDs provide for different methods of referencing resources <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-did-core" title="Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) v1.0">[did-core]</a>, called methods. These methods can rely on various technologies, including blockchains such as Bitcoin or Ethereum, the web, InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), and Domain Name System (DNS) <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-did-spec-registries" title="DID Specification Registries">[did-spec-registries]</a>, and it is possible to write your method.</p>
<p>DIDs provide for different methods of referencing resources <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-did-core" title="Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) v1.0">[did-core]</a>, called methods. These methods can rely on various technologies, including blockchains such as Bitcoin or Ethereum, the web, InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), and Domain Name System (DNS) <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-did-spec-registries" title="Decentralized Identifier Extensions">[did-spec-registries]</a>, and it is possible to write your method.</p>
<p>Some distinctive properties of DIDs are <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-did-intro" title="Introduction to Decentralized Identifiers (DID)">[did-intro]</a>:</p>
<ul>
<li data-md>
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<dt id="biblio-did-intro">[DID-INTRO]
<dd><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t8lMCmjPKq4"><cite>Introduction to Decentralized Identifiers (DID)</cite></a>. URL: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t8lMCmjPKq4">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t8lMCmjPKq4</a>
<dt id="biblio-did-spec-registries">[DID-SPEC-REGISTRIES]
<dd>Manu Sporny. <a href="https://w3c.github.io/did-spec-registries/"><cite>DID Specification Registries</cite></a>. URL: <a href="https://w3c.github.io/did-spec-registries/">https://w3c.github.io/did-spec-registries/</a>
<dd>Manu Sporny. <a href="https://w3c.github.io/did-extensions/"><cite>Decentralized Identifier Extensions</cite></a>. URL: <a href="https://w3c.github.io/did-extensions/">https://w3c.github.io/did-extensions/</a>
<dt id="biblio-digital-identities">[DIGITAL-IDENTITIES]
<dd><a href="https://wicg.github.io/digital-identities/"><cite>Digital Credentials</cite></a>. Draft Community Group Report. URL: <a href="https://wicg.github.io/digital-identities/">https://wicg.github.io/digital-identities/</a>
<dt id="biblio-digital-identity-explainer">[DIGITAL-IDENTITY-EXPLAINER]
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<dt id="biblio-evolution-toip">[EVOLUTION-TOIP]
<dd><a href="https://trustoverip.org/wp-content/uploads/Evolution-of-the-ToIP-Stack-V1.0-2022-11-14.pdf"><cite>Evolution of the ToIP Stack</cite></a>. URL: <a href="https://trustoverip.org/wp-content/uploads/Evolution-of-the-ToIP-Stack-V1.0-2022-11-14.pdf">https://trustoverip.org/wp-content/uploads/Evolution-of-the-ToIP-Stack-V1.0-2022-11-14.pdf</a>
<dt id="biblio-fedcm">[FEDCM]
<dd><a href="https://fedidcg.github.io/FedCM/"><cite>Federated Credential Management API</cite></a>. Draft Community Group Report. URL: <a href="https://fedidcg.github.io/FedCM/">https://fedidcg.github.io/FedCM/</a>
<dd>Nicolas Pena Moreno. <a href="https://w3c-fedid.github.io/FedCM/"><cite>Federated Credential Management API</cite></a>. URL: <a href="https://w3c-fedid.github.io/FedCM/">https://w3c-fedid.github.io/FedCM/</a>
<dt id="biblio-harms-modeling">[HARMS-MODELING]
<dd><a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/guide/responsible-innovation/harms-modeling/"><cite>Harms modeling</cite></a>. URL: <a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/guide/responsible-innovation/harms-modeling/">https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/guide/responsible-innovation/harms-modeling/</a>
<dt id="biblio-how-have-passport-photos-changed-in-100-years">[HOW-HAVE-PASSPORT-PHOTOS-CHANGED-IN-100-YEARS]
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