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How similar are Japanese and Korean?
The.

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Hold on.
Okay.

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Now we can start.
Hello everyone.

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Welcome to the Lange Focus Channel and 
my name is Paul.

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How similar our Japanese and Korean.
That is the question of the day.

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Japan and Korea are geographically very 
close to each other and at first glance 

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they look like similar countries with 
similar cultures in a way,

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but just how similar are the Japanese 
and Korean languages?

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Well,
the short answer is they are closer to 

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each other than they are to any other 
languages and they are remarkably 

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similar in some ways,
but in other ways they're also very 

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different and they are certainly not 
mutually intelligible.

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Disclaimer,
I don't speak very much Korean,

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but I do speak Japanese and I am aware 
of the differences and similarities 

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between them.
Let's look at the similarities in terms 

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of grammar,
vocabulary,

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pronunciation,
and the writing systems.

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When it comes to syntax and grammar,
Japanese and Korean are very similar.

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Japanese and Korean sentences can often 
be translated word by word with each 

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word in one sentence,
having an equivalent in the other.

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Let's look at a couple of Korean and 
Japanese sentences side by side,

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and we can see the similarities.
Again,

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I don't really speak much Korean,
so with my pronunciation is terrible.

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Koreans,
please forgive me in English,

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I am a student in Korean.
None.

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Then huck saying either in Japanese,
what Tashi duck say this.

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You can see that these sentences are 
translatable word by word that each word

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in the first sentence has an equivalent 
in the second sentence in the exact same

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position,
so if they are directly translatable.

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One thing I want to point out is the 
topic marker.

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That's the second word.
In each of these sentences,

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that topic,
Margaret,

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is something that's kind of unique to 
Japanese and Korean topic.

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Marker points out the topics of a 
sentence that's different from the 

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grammatical subject,
the overarching focus or topic of the 

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sentence.
Another thing I want to point out is the

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last word.
In each sentence.

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In Korean it's EDA and in Japanese it's 
destitute.

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In both cases that's like a popular,
like the word is in English,

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so in both Japanese and Korean.
This is a standalone word that is placed

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usually at the end of the sentence in 
Korean and undone in Japanese.

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What does you up and easily will know me
much,

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so again,
we see that the topics marker is the 

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second word in each sentence,
but a more important thing that I want 

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to point out here is the Sov word order.
That means subject,

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object,
verb,

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so we can see that the subject is what?
Touchy or it's not in Korean,

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and then we have the object next to the 
object is water.

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In Korean it's and in Japanese it's 
music and then we have the verb at the 

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end.
So in Korean law seemed that Indian 

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Japanese nomi must,
but before the verb there is an 

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interesting little word that we don't 
have an English and that is an object 

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marker.
So that's another thing that we find in 

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both Japanese and Korean used in exactly
the same way in exactly the same 

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position in the census,
even though the grammar and sentence 

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structure of the two languages is 
remarkably similar,

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the vocabulary is remarkably different.
If a Japanese speaker heard Korean 

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without any prior exposure,
they probably wouldn't understand any of

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the words at all or maybe just a word 
here and there,

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but that doesn't mean that those words 
aren't related.

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Korean and Japanese both inherited a 
large number of loan words from Chinese.

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Approximately 60 percent of the 
vocabulary in either language comes from

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Chinese.

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If there are so many Chinese loan words 
in both languages,

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then why are they not mutually 
comprehensible?

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Well,
it's important to note that for both 

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languages in daily conversation and 
informal speech,

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that Chinese loan words are not used 
nearly as much as they are in writing.

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Also,
the Chinese loan words are different in 

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either language to enter the languages 
in the form of Chinese characters,

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but the pronunciation of those 
characters became adapted to fit the 

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phonological system of either language.
So let's look at some examples.

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The first example is just the name of 
those Chinese characters themselves.

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In Chinese,
in Korean,

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I'm job in Japanese Kanji so you can see
that the pronunciation started as an 

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answer,
but it diverged and became different in 

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Korean and Japanese even though it's the
same two characters at some other 

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examples in Korean sap team in Japanese,
Shashi and photograph the were forcing 

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her in Korean.

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In Japanese costumes.
The word for promise in Korean.

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Yuck.
Sold in Japanese.

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Yeah,
because so cute.

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Those examples sound quite similar,
but sometimes they sound really quite 

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different,
but if we look at the romanized world,

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sometimes we can see the similarities.
This is the word for telephone in Korean

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children.
Wow.

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In Japanese then?
Well,

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so those come from the same characters,
but again,

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they're rendered differently in 
pronunciation.

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The next word is school in Korean.
How you'll in Japanese got cold.

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Another example is university in Korean,
in Japanese got Tofu in Korean to boot 

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in Japanese soul food.
The word for SPA or hot spring in 

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Korean.
On John,

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in Japanese on sand.
So you can see that sometimes the words 

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are clearly related,
but when you're listening to the 

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language being spoken,
you probably wouldn't be able to catch 

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those words.
Chinese loan words aside.

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There are also some Japanese loan words 
that have entered the Korean language.

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The word for cheers when you're having a
drink and Korean going pay in Japanese 

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come by.
The Japanese word for bag in Korean it's

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in Japanese.
It's come on.

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There are also a lot of words that are 
native to both Korean and Japanese that 

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might be related to each other.
The word for island in Korean,

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in Japanese Shima the word for village 
in Korean.

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In Japanese,
Buddha.

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There are a lot of words like that that 
I don't really think are connected,

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but linguists think might be connected.
Interestingly though,

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some of the grammatical particles have 
very similar pronunciations in the two 

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languages.
For example,

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the word for above.
In Korean we ate in Japanese who a 

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question particle co in Korean,
the double continent,

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the Double Cup in.
In Japanese it's cut the word for two or

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towards.

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In Korean it's a and in Japanese it's a 
the subject marker,

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so this is different from the topic.
Margaret,

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the subject marker is in Korean,
got for eat in Japanese,

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it's just got so basically Korean and 
Japanese have a lot of vocabulary that 

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are related but not the same.
It's probably enough to help you 

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remember that word if you study it,
but not necessarily enough to pick up 

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that word when you're hearing it in 
conversation,

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and of course most of the spoken 
vocabulary seems to be unrelated or 

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they're words that have very ancient 
connections to each other.

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Now let's look at the different 
pronunciation of the two languages.

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In some ways they're similar.
The basic phonetic sounds of the two 

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languages are quite similar,
but the way those phonetic sounds are 

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arranged to create syllables is 
different in the two languages.

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In Japanese,
basically every syllable has to end in a

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vowel.

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You cannot have a word that ends in a 
solid consonant like cut.

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It has to be something like customer 
with a vowel added to the end,

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but in Korean you can have a consonant 
at the end of a syllable.

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That's why in one of the words that we 
compared before the word promise,

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in Japanese,
it's yet grew so poor.

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You need those vowels after the 
continence,

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but in Korea,
and it's yet another difference is that 

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in Japanese,
the pronunciation of consonants doesn't 

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change depending on their position in 
the word,

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they just are always the same,
but in Korean there are consonants and 

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that can change depending on whether 
they're at the beginning of the word in 

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the middle of the word or at the end of 
the word.

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Korean also has a greater variety of 
vowels and diphthongs,

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so in general,
Korean pronunciation is just more 

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complex than Japanese pronunciation.
One thing that is completely different 

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between the two languages is there 
writing systems.

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Japanese is written using a combination 
of Chinese characters and two syllables.

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Those is consist of characters that 
represent entire syllables rather than 

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just individual phonetic sounds.
The Japanese writing system is quite 

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complex and since you need to learn more
than 2000 congee to be able to read at 

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an adult level,
it can take quite a lot of time and 

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effort to learn.
Korean,

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on the other hand,
is written in the humble alphabet,

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which is one of the simplest writing 
systems in the world.

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Korean used to use Han Chinese 
characters in the same way that Japanese

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uses congee and combination with Ido 
gonna Kinda Kinda.

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But they've done away with that and now 
they're just using the simplified 

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writing system of humble,
humble.

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Alphabet consists of individual phonetic
symbols that are arranged together to 

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create syllables.
In this example for hunch,

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this is the sound for like an h.

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This is the sound.
This is the sound for like an end.

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This is the sound for a job for sure.
And this is ah,

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so whereas Japanese requires you to 
learn 92 syllabary symbols and 2000 

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congee in Korea and you just have to 
learn 24 phonetic symbols and you can 

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use those to represent any new words 
that you learned.

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So to summarize,
Korean and Japanese are very similar in 

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terms of sentence structure and grammar 
and they both have a large number of 

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Chinese loan words,
but the native vocabularies are quite 

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different as is the pronunciation which 
makes these two languages mutually 

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unintelligible.
On top of that,

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the two writing systems are now 
completely different with the new modern

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Korean system,
completely avoiding Chinese characters 

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these days.
My feeling is that Japanese and Korean 

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did originate from the same language a 
very long time ago,

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but they've been diverging for a long 
time,

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perhaps about 2000 years so that now 
they're very different even though 

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structurally they're quite similar.
Thank you for watching the Lang focus 

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channels.
Leave your comments down below,

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especially if you have studied Japanese 
or Korean and you can let us know about 

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some other similarities or differences 
that you have discovered.

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Thank you for watching and have a nice 
day.