PfpEPjfB12g.srt

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I have no idea how to make a funny 
introduction for this video,

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so instead I'm going to give you a quick
slideshow of cool,

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awesome slavek stuff.

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Go.

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Hello everyone.
Welcome to the Lange Focus Channel and 

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my name is Paul.
Today I'm going to talk about the Slavic

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languages.
They may not get as much attention as 

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the romance languages and the Germanic 
languages,

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but the Slavic languages are an 
important family of languages with $315 

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million native speakers and covering 
over half the area of Europe.

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That includes Eastern Europe,
the balcones as well as the European 

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part of Russia,
and of course the Asian part of Russia 

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as well,
Slavic languages or a branch of the Indo

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European language family.
If we go all the way back to the 

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beginning that there was a language 
called [inaudible],

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Indo European,
which is the language from which all 

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Indo European languages descended.
That includes the romance languages.

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That dramatic language is to enjoy 
running in languages and of course the 

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Slavic languages as well as others.
One language that developed from Indo 

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European was pro tow Bulto Slavic.

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That language is the ancestor of both 
the Baltic languages and the Slavic 

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languages,
but the Slavic language family broke off

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from Provo Balto slavek around 1,500
to 1000 bce.

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The language then underwent a 2000 year 
period of gradual development,

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but during that time it remained a 
single unified language around 500 ce.

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There was a language called protos 
slavic that would later split and would 

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give birth to all of the modern Slavic 
languages of today.

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Protos slavek was the ancestor of all 
Slavic languages.

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The time between 500 cm,
1000 ce was called the common slavek 

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period,
and during this period,

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protos slavek began to diverge into 
dialects and that Slavic people migrated

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over a wider area.
Those differences increased by about 

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$1,000.
Seed there were distinct west Slavek,

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east Slavic and South Slavic languages.
Those three languages would later become

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three branches of the Slavic language 
family,

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and the dialects of those languages 
would become the different languages in 

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each branch.

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The East Slavic languages include 
Russian,

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Ukrainian,
and Bella Lucien,

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which is sometimes called White Russian,
South Slavic language family includes 

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Serbo,
Croatian,

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Bulgarian Macedonian,
which are very similar,

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Slovenian,
and also the liturgical language known 

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as old church.
Slavonic slavonic just means Slavic.

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The West Slavic languages include 
Polish,

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Czech,
Slovak,

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Serbian,
which is a minority language in eastern 

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Germany,
job in which is a minority language.

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In Poland,
the Slavic languages are much closer to 

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each other then the languages of other 
into European language families.

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That's because protos slavek split into 
different languages relatively recently 

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compared to other language families like
Germanic and romance.

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Some people claimed that all slavic 
languages are mutually intelligible to a

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large degree,
but that's not really true,

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but from what I understand,
the speaker of any Slavic language can 

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probably find a way to make some sort of
simple conversation with the speaker of 

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any other Slavic language or most other 
Slavic languages.

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That doesn't mean they can understand 
everything,

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but that means when they're talking face
to face,

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maybe they can find a way to communicate
and within each of those three branches 

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of the language family,
there seems to be quite a lot of mutual 

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intelligibility.
For example,

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the East slavek branch,
here are some average figures from 

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native speakers statements on the 
Internet,

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so for Russian speakers,
Bella Lucien is about 74 percent 

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intelligible and it's spoken for them an
85 percent intelligible in its written 

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form.
Ukrainian is 50 percent intelligible and

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it's spoken for them and 85 percent 
intelligible in its written form,

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but in both cases there were also a 
transitional dialects.

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For example,
the Ukrainian is more similar to the 

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Russian dialects in the south of the 
country rather than the standard 

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language which is based on dialects of 
the north,

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so speakers of those southern Russian 
dialects might have an easier time 

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communicating with someone from Ukraine.

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Here's another example from a lang focus
viewer named anointed fighter.

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He says,
I'm a native Bulgarian speaker.

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I can understand 80 percent Serbian and 
80 percent Russian,

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especially if they are written Czech 
Slovakia and Slovenia and I can get 60 

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percent and from Polish only 40 percent 
to Bulgaria and Serbia and are both part

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of the South Slavic branch so he can 
understand 80 percent of Serbian,

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but he can also understand 80 percent of
Russian even though it's in the East 

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slavek branch.
Slavic was still a single unified 

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language in the ninth century when the 
first known slavic writings were 

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written.
These writings were written in old 

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church slavonic slavonic just means 
slavek.

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Remember it was the first slavek 
literary language and it was 

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standardized by the Saint Cyril and 
methodius so that they could translate 

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the Bible and other religious works into
the Slavic language and they could 

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minister to the slabs and convert them 
to Christianity.

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At this point,
there were slavic dialects,

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but they were still relatively close to 
each other.

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So old church slavonic was widely 
understood.

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Old Church slavonic went on to become 
the language of religious ceremony for 

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the eastern Orthodox Church and the 
eastern Catholic church,

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and it's still used by many churches 
today.

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One of the writing system,
Cyril and methodius used to write old 

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church slavonic was the cyrillic script,
so the word cyrillic comes from the 

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Saints Names Cyril.
The cyrillic script was adapted from the

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old Greek script with some additional 
letters to represent sounds found in old

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church slavonic that were not found in 
Greek today.

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There are Slavic languages written in 
cyrillic script and there are also those

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written in variations of the Latin 
script.

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Those written in the cyrillic script 
tend to be for cultures in which the 

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eastern Orthodox or eastern Catholic 
church are dominant.

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Those written in the Latin script tend 
to be for cultures in which the Roman 

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Catholic church is dominant.

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One of the common features of Slavic 
languages aside from Bulgarian and 

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Macedonian is that the nouns and 
pronouns are highly inflected.

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Have many grammatical cases.
Grammatical case means that the noun or 

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a pronoun changes form depending on its 
function in the sentence in English.

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The only example we have of this is with
the pronouns.

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For example,
I is the subject for him and me is the 

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object form,
but nouns can have multiple forums like 

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this as well.
If they have grammatical cases,

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Slavic languages have up to seven 
different grammatical cases.

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Let's look at an example for the Polish 
word for bottle with Telefonica 

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Boutiquey hotel.
It's a Teleco Teleco.

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We tell them say,
so the word bottle changes form 

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depending on which case it's being used.
I won't go through each one and say 

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which case it is,
but you can see that the form of the 

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noun changes for people whose native 
language is not a highly inflected 

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language with grammatical cases like 
that.

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This can make learning a slavic 
language,

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a challenge.
You not only have to memorize those 

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different forums,
but when you're speaking,

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you have to constantly be aware of which
form the word should be,

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which function the word is fulfilling in
the sentence.

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Another characteristic of Slavic 
languages is that they don't have 

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articles.
That means like the or are in English,

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and again the exception is Bulgarian and
Macedonian.

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For some reason the lack of grammatical 
cases and the presence of articles might

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make Bulgarian Macedonian easier to 
learn,

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but the most widely studied slavic 
language is Russian and that's probably 

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because it's the most widely spoken.
There are $150 million native speakers 

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of Russian,
and if we include second language 

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speakers,
there are $260 million proficient 

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speakers.
The second most widely spoken is Polish 

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with around $40 million native speakers.
The third most widely spoken is 

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Ukrainian with about $30 million 
speakers.

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The fourth is Serbo Croatian with about 
19 million speakers and yes,

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I know some people consider those to be 
separate languages,

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but I will leave that topic for a 
different video for now.

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The fifth is checked with 10 million 
people and of course there are numerous 

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other important slavic languages to 
really.

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There's so much to say about the various
different Slavic languages that I can't 

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talk about it all in one video,
but please stay tuned for future videos 

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in which I talk about specific Slavic 
languages.

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So that brings us to the end of this 
video.

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But the question of the day for Slavic 
language speakers is can you communicate

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with the speakers of different slavic 
languages and if so,

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which ones?
Is it just the ones in your language 

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branch,
like East Slavek or South Slavic,

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or can you communicate with the speakers
in other branches as well?

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Let us know in the comments down below 
and other people you can comment about 

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whatever you want.
Alright.

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Thank you for watching and have a nice.