diff --git a/introduction/introduction.tex b/introduction/introduction.tex index 4658053..2a24ccf 100644 --- a/introduction/introduction.tex +++ b/introduction/introduction.tex @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ \chapter{Introduction} In addition to the famous writings on stelas, temples and altars, the Maya also wrote on sheets of bark paper (\cite[34\psq]{vonhagen1944}) which were then bundled and -folded to books (see~\ref{fig:introduction-example-dresden-codex} for some sample pages). +folded to books (\Cref{fig:introduction-example-dresden-codex} for some sample pages). These books are usually called \emph{codices}. \begin{center} \includegraphics[width=\textwidth,keepaspectratio]{img/example-dresden-codex} @@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ \chapter{Introduction} the \pariscodex and \mayamexicocodex(also known as \groliercodex). The codices are named after the location where they have been found or stored. Hieroglyphs can also be found on incised bones, shells, Jade and Hard stones and on painted or -carved pottery (see for example~\ref{fig:introduction-panel-with-royal-woman} and -~\ref{fig:introduction-vessel-with-battle-scene}). +carved pottery (\Cref{fig:introduction-panel-with-royal-woman} and +\Cref{fig:introduction-vessel-with-battle-scene}). % LTeX: enabled=false \begin{figure} \centering @@ -63,9 +63,8 @@ \chapter{Introduction} Every book is named after the town the manuscript was located in, e.g. \emph{The Book of Chilam Balam of Tizimin} originated from \emph{Tizimin} --- a town in Yucat\'{a}n -(~\ref{fig:introduction-chilam-balam-of-tizimin-cover-page} shows the title page). +(\Cref{fig:introduction-chilam-balam-of-tizimin-cover-page} shows the title page). Some other books still exist, many have been lost during the colonial period. - % LTeX: enabled=false \begin{figure}[ht] \centering @@ -88,13 +87,13 @@ \chapter{Introduction} \emph{Book of Chilam Balam of Ixil}. It shows the \haab months and \tzolkin days.} \end{figure} % LTeX: enabled=true - These books also play an important role during the process of hieroglyphic decipherment as they contain vital information about historical events, calendrical information, ritual and medical descriptions and many more aspects which help to analyze the great writings of the Maya (\cite[3\psq]{roys1933}). -Figure~\ref{fig:introduction-chilam-balam-of-ixil-page-20r} for instance, shows some -calendrical information from the \tzolkin and \haab calendars. +For instance, some pages of these books for instance, shows some +calendrical information from the \tzolkin and \haab calendars +(\Cref{fig:introduction-chilam-balam-of-ixil-page-20r}). \section{Early attempts in deciphering the Maya hieroglyphs} For centuries, the hieroglyphic writings remained largely mysterious, as the Maya script was diff --git a/preamble.sty b/preamble.sty index de61b12..e910567 100644 --- a/preamble.sty +++ b/preamble.sty @@ -5,9 +5,6 @@ % Standard LaTeX settings %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -% creates links in table of contents -\RequirePackage{hyperref} - % for pictures etc. \RequirePackage{graphicx} @@ -64,6 +61,12 @@ } \makeatother +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% References +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\RequirePackage{hyperref} % creates links in table of contents +\RequirePackage[noabbrev]{cleveref} + %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % Translation support %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% diff --git a/terminology/terminology.tex b/terminology/terminology.tex index 6b846a8..8b9b49c 100644 --- a/terminology/terminology.tex +++ b/terminology/terminology.tex @@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ \section{Graph and allograph} underlying identity of the grapheme\elide When graphs are analyzed as variants of a grapheme, they are known as \emph{allographs}.} The Maya script uses a lot of allographs. -For example, the syllable \syllable{u} can be written in many ways all having the same meaning. -See~\ref{fig:terminology-grapheme-u-allographs} for a selection of allographs. +For example, the syllable \syllable{u} can be written in many ways all having the same meaning +(\Cref{fig:terminology-grapheme-u-allographs}). \begin{center} \includegraphics[width=\textwidth,keepaspectratio]{img/grapheme-u-allographs} \captionof{figure}{Some allographs of the grapheme \grapheme{u}} @@ -37,11 +37,11 @@ \section{Hieroglyph and glyph} \emph{Glyphs} can represent a syllable, a single word or even a whole phrase (\cite[23]{macrilooper2003}). -For example, the glyph~\ref{fig:terminology-glyphs-utzapaw} consists of the +For example, the glyph (\Cref{fig:terminology-glyphs-utzapaw}) consists of the graphemes \grapheme{u}, \grapheme{tz\glottalstop{}a} and \grapheme{wa} representing the phrase \mayan{u tz\glottalstop{}apaw}, ``she/he erects it''. % LTeX: enabled=false -The glyph~\ref{fig:terminology-glyphs-ixwinikhaabajaw} consisting of the +The glyph (\Cref{fig:terminology-glyphs-ixwinikhaabajaw}) consisting of the graphemes \grapheme{ix}, \grapheme{winikhaab} and \grapheme{ajaw} and represents the noble title \mayan{ix winikhaab ajaw}, ``Ruler Lady Winikhaab''. \begin{figure} @@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ \subsection{Script typology} % LTeX: enabled=true Based on Ignace Gelb (\cite[115]{gelb1963}), Michael Coe (\cite[43]{coe1992}) compiled a list of writing systems and compared their type with the number of distinct signs -(see~\ref{table:terminology-writing-systems-comparison}). +(\Cref{table:terminology-writing-systems-comparison}). \begin{table}[!ht] \centering \begin{tabular}{llc} @@ -148,10 +148,10 @@ \subsection{Script typology} \label{table:terminology-writing-systems-comparison} \end{table} So, in nutshell, to get a sense for the script type one can count the number of individual signs. -According to the table~\ref{table:terminology-writing-systems-comparison}, it should be possible -to narrow the number of possible script types. -The Maya text corpus is sufficiently big with 10,000 texts written on stone, wood, stucco, -walls, pottery and four Post-Classic codices (\cite[151]{houstoncoe2003}). +Then, it should be possible to narrow the number of possible script types by applying statistics of +available writing systems (\Cref{table:terminology-writing-systems-comparison}). +The Maya text corpus is sufficiently big to do this with about 10,000 texts written on stone, wood, +stucco, walls, pottery and four Post-Classic codices (\cite[151]{houstoncoe2003}). \subsection{Corpus} The database of texts (aka corpus) must be large enough so that sign catalogs can be created from it @@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ \subsection{Cultural context} are written in cartouches (\cite[215]{coulmas1991}). One of the Greek names on the Rosetta Stone was \emph{Ptolemy}. When comparing the name with hieroglyphs framed in cartouches, he deduced the phonetic writing -of Ptolemy in Egyptian hieroglyphs (see~\ref{fig:terminology-ptolemy-cartouche}). +of Ptolemy in Egyptian hieroglyphs (\Cref{fig:terminology-ptolemy-cartouche}). This insight opened the possibility to assign phonetic values to hieroglyphic signs and played a major role to decipher Egyptian hieroglyphs. \begin{center} @@ -277,13 +277,13 @@ \subsection{Bilingual, biscript, or similar constraint} together with Spanish transcriptions. It also contains the so-called ``Landa alphabet'' which basically represents a partial syllabary assigning a set of signs a phonetic value -(\ref{fig:terminology-landa-relacion-folio-45r}). +(\Cref{fig:terminology-landa-relacion-folio-45r}). Additionally, the manuscript includes two sentences both written in Maya hieroglyphs and Latin letters. \begin{center} \includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth,keepaspectratio]{img/landa-relacion-folio-45r} - \captionof{figure}{Page 45r from Diego de Landa's manuscript containing the Landa alphabet - (Courtesy of the Real Academia de la Historia~\cite{landa1567})} + \captionof{figure}{Page 45r from Diego de Landa's manuscript containing the Landa alphabet, + courtesy of the Real Academia de la Historia (\cite{landa1567})} \label{fig:terminology-landa-relacion-folio-45r} \end{center} Besides this bilingual resource, many Maya writings combine text with imagery. @@ -355,10 +355,10 @@ \subsection{Problems and limitations} Eric Thompson (\cite[12\psq]{thompson1962catalog}) recognized the method of segmentation as a potential source of false conclusions. David Kelley (\cite{kelley1962b}) was able to show in his review of Thompson's sign catalog that -some T-numbers represent more than one grapheme -(e.g. \thompson{683a} and \thompson{T683b}~\ref{fig:terminology-t683a-t683b}) -and some T-numbers are allographs of another -(e.g. \thompson{589} and \thompson{T607}~\ref{fig:terminology-t589-t607}). +some T-numbers represent more than one grapheme and some T-numbers are allographs of another. +For example \thompson{683a} and \thompson{T683b} (\Cref{fig:terminology-t683a-t683b}) are +distinct graphemes whereas \thompson{589} and \thompson{T607} (\Cref{fig:terminology-t589-t607}) +represent the same grapheme. % LTeX: enabled=false \begin{figure} \centering @@ -386,10 +386,10 @@ \subsection{Problems and limitations} Those complex graphemes might not be recognized and therefore only its components are registered as graphemes. One of those complex graphemes, is the grapheme \grapheme{pas} ``dawn'' -(\ref{fig:terminology-glyphs-pas}) which is built from -grapheme \grapheme{chan} ``sky'' (\ref{fig:terminology-glyphs-chan}), -grapheme \grapheme{k\glottalstop} ``k\glottalstop{}in'' (\ref{fig:terminology-glyphs-kin}) and -grapheme \grapheme{kab} ``earth'' (\ref{fig:terminology-glyphs-kab}). +(\Cref{fig:terminology-glyphs-pas}) which is built from +grapheme \grapheme{chan} ``sky'' (\Cref{fig:terminology-glyphs-chan}), +grapheme \grapheme{k\glottalstop} ``k\glottalstop{}in'' (\Cref{fig:terminology-glyphs-kin}) and +grapheme \grapheme{kab} ``earth'' (\Cref{fig:terminology-glyphs-kab}). It can be found, for example, on Tikal Temple IV, Lintel 2 A7. All three components are graphemes themselves, but in combination they form the complex grapheme \grapheme{pas} with its own phonetic value and meaning.