From 43af37537aae378c34b3a213cb8cda878575a6aa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sebastian Bauer <75776786+yax-lakam-tuun@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 8 Mar 2024 23:29:13 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] [#29] Working on phonetic indicators and phonetic complements --- .vscode/ltex.dictionary.en-US.txt | 2 + maya/linguistics.sty | 1 + references.bib | 9 +++ terminology/img/japanese-ho.pdf | Bin 0 -> 2877 bytes terminology/img/japanese-ho.svg | 54 +++++++++++++++++ terminology/img/japanese-hon.pdf | Bin 0 -> 3088 bytes terminology/img/japanese-hon.svg | 69 ++++++++++++++++++++++ terminology/img/japanese-mu.pdf | Bin 0 -> 2917 bytes terminology/img/japanese-mu.svg | 54 +++++++++++++++++ terminology/img/japanese-n.pdf | Bin 0 -> 2844 bytes terminology/img/japanese-n.svg | 54 +++++++++++++++++ terminology/img/japanese-ou.pdf | Bin 0 -> 2918 bytes terminology/img/japanese-ou.svg | 54 +++++++++++++++++ terminology/img/japanese-sei.pdf | Bin 0 -> 2828 bytes terminology/img/japanese-sei.svg | 54 +++++++++++++++++ terminology/img/japanese-u.pdf | Bin 0 -> 2836 bytes terminology/img/japanese-u.svg | 54 +++++++++++++++++ terminology/img/japanese-umu.pdf | Bin 0 -> 2998 bytes terminology/img/japanese-umu.svg | 54 +++++++++++++++++ terminology/terminology.tex | 93 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 20 files changed, 552 insertions(+) create mode 100644 terminology/img/japanese-ho.pdf create mode 100644 terminology/img/japanese-ho.svg create mode 100644 terminology/img/japanese-hon.pdf create mode 100644 terminology/img/japanese-hon.svg create mode 100644 terminology/img/japanese-mu.pdf create mode 100644 terminology/img/japanese-mu.svg create mode 100644 terminology/img/japanese-n.pdf create mode 100644 terminology/img/japanese-n.svg create mode 100644 terminology/img/japanese-ou.pdf create mode 100644 terminology/img/japanese-ou.svg create mode 100644 terminology/img/japanese-sei.pdf create mode 100644 terminology/img/japanese-sei.svg create mode 100644 terminology/img/japanese-u.pdf create mode 100644 terminology/img/japanese-u.svg create mode 100644 terminology/img/japanese-umu.pdf create mode 100644 terminology/img/japanese-umu.svg diff --git a/.vscode/ltex.dictionary.en-US.txt b/.vscode/ltex.dictionary.en-US.txt index 85dd19e..6b560b4 100644 --- a/.vscode/ltex.dictionary.en-US.txt +++ b/.vscode/ltex.dictionary.en-US.txt @@ -106,3 +106,5 @@ Vh aa Underspelling disharmonic +overspelling +polyvalent diff --git a/maya/linguistics.sty b/maya/linguistics.sty index 6dbfa04..30b1e3f 100755 --- a/maya/linguistics.sty +++ b/maya/linguistics.sty @@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ \newcommand{\english}[1]{\emph{#1}\xspace} \newcommand{\spanish}[1]{\emph{#1}\xspace} \newcommand{\nahuatl}[1]{\emph{#1}\xspace} +\newcommand{\japanese}[1]{\emph{#1}\xspace} \newcommand{\zeromorpheme}{$\emptyset$\xspace} \newcommand{\thompson}[1]{T#1\xspace} \newcommand*\elide{\textup{[\,\dots]}} diff --git a/references.bib b/references.bib index 06ccafd..25bdb02 100644 --- a/references.bib +++ b/references.bib 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mode 100644 index 0000000..e7e3353 --- /dev/null +++ b/terminology/img/japanese-umu.svg @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ + + + + + + + + 生む + + diff --git a/terminology/terminology.tex b/terminology/terminology.tex index 980ebf1..6529b03 100644 --- a/terminology/terminology.tex +++ b/terminology/terminology.tex @@ -653,6 +653,99 @@ \subsection{Syncope} doesn't contain the inner vowel anymore. The phoneme has been syncopated. % LTeX: enabled=true +\subsection{Phonetic complements and phonetic indicators} +\newcommand{\texticon}[1]{\includegraphics[height=1em,keepaspectratio]{#1}} +Logo-syllabic writing systems can make use of phonetic complements and phonetic indicators to +add information on how signs should be read. +This is especially useful for signs having more than one phonetic or logographic meaning or value. +Such signs are called \emph{polyvalent} signs. + +A phonetic indicator is one or more additional signs placed next to a polyvalent sign to +indicate which phonetic or logographic value is intended (\cite[56-57]{whittaker2009}). +Japanese, for example, borrowed the Chinese logographic writing system to record Japanese. +Since the phonetic value of logograms in Chinese is quite different from Japanese, syllabic signs +acting as phonetic indicators can be placed next to it to hint the phonetic reading. +In \Cref{fig:terminology-japanese-hon} the word \japanese{hon} is written with syllabic signs +\texticon{img/japanese-ho} (\japanese{ho}) and \texticon{img/japanese-n} (\japanese{n}) +placed on top. +Combined it helps the reader to read the word as \japanese{hon}. +% LTeX: enabled=false +\begin{figure}[h!] + \centering + \subfloat[][]{ + \centering + \includegraphics{img/japanese-hon} + \label{fig:terminology-japanese-hon} + } + \subfloat[][]{ + \centering + \includegraphics{img/japanese-ho} + \label{fig:terminology-japanese-ho} + } + \subfloat[][]{ + \centering + \includegraphics{img/japanese-n} + \label{fig:terminology-japanese-n} + } + \caption[Japanese phonetic indicators]{Phonetic indicators helping to read the + logographic sign \subref{fig:terminology-japanese-hon} as \japanese{hon}.\\ + Syllabic sign \japanese{ho} \subref{fig:terminology-japanese-ho} and + syllabic sign \japanese{n} \subref{fig:terminology-japanese-n} indicate the reading.} +\end{figure} +% LTeX: enabled=true +A phonetic complement extends the phonetic reading of polyvalent sign. +It, therefore, doesn't only indicate a phonetic or logographic reading, but also prefixes or +suffixes the polyvalent sign (\cite[56-57]{whittaker2009}). +Several signs in Japenese have polyvalent properties. +The sign \texticon{img/japanese-sei} has several phonetic values. +It can stand for \japanese{sei}, \japanese{o} and \japanese{u} among others. +% LTeX: enabled=false +\begin{figure}[h!] + \centering + \subfloat[][]{ + \centering + \includegraphics{img/japanese-sei} + \label{fig:terminology-japanese-sei} + } + \subfloat[][]{ + \centering + \includegraphics{img/japanese-u} + \label{fig:terminology-japanese-u} + } + \subfloat[][]{ + \centering + \includegraphics{img/japanese-mu} + \label{fig:terminology-japanese-mu} + } + \subfloat[][]{ + \centering + \includegraphics{img/japanese-umu} + \label{fig:terminology-japanese-umu} + } + \subfloat[][]{ + \centering + \includegraphics{img/japanese-ou} + \label{fig:terminology-japanese-ou} + } + \caption[Japanese phonetic complements]{Phonetic complements suffixing the + polyvalent sign \subref{fig:terminology-japanese-sei}. + Syllabic sign \japanese{u} \subref{fig:terminology-japanese-u} and + syllabic sign \japanese{mu} \subref{fig:terminology-japanese-mu} indicate the reading + \japanese{ou} \subref{fig:terminology-japanese-ou} and + \japanese{umu} \subref{fig:terminology-japanese-umu}.} +\end{figure} +% LTeX: enabled=true +\todo{example} + +Signs can also be both, a phonetic indicator and a phonetic complement at the same time either +prefixing of suffixing the sign in question. + +The Maya writing system usually doesn't distinguish between both types. +Additional signs placed around a polyvalent sign are both phonetic complements and +phonetic indicators. +In Maya literature, those signs are just called phonetic complements. +This work will also use the term phonetic complement as this commonly used in Maya research. + \end{document}