diff --git a/terminology/img/grapheme-CHAN.pdf b/terminology/img/grapheme-CHAN.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0ec475d Binary files /dev/null and b/terminology/img/grapheme-CHAN.pdf differ diff --git a/terminology/img/grapheme-CHAN.svg b/terminology/img/grapheme-CHAN.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6b342c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/terminology/img/grapheme-CHAN.svg @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ + + + + diff --git a/terminology/img/grapheme-KAB.pdf b/terminology/img/grapheme-KAB.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..55be6fe Binary files /dev/null and b/terminology/img/grapheme-KAB.pdf differ diff --git a/terminology/img/grapheme-KAB.svg b/terminology/img/grapheme-KAB.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bda957a --- /dev/null +++ b/terminology/img/grapheme-KAB.svg @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ + + + + diff --git a/terminology/img/grapheme-KIN.pdf b/terminology/img/grapheme-KIN.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3365a15 Binary files /dev/null and b/terminology/img/grapheme-KIN.pdf differ diff --git a/terminology/img/grapheme-KIN.svg b/terminology/img/grapheme-KIN.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dd9de3d --- /dev/null +++ b/terminology/img/grapheme-KIN.svg @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ + + + + diff --git a/terminology/img/grapheme-PAS.pdf b/terminology/img/grapheme-PAS.pdf index 037b0af..9229a8c 100644 Binary files a/terminology/img/grapheme-PAS.pdf and b/terminology/img/grapheme-PAS.pdf differ diff --git a/terminology/terminology.tex b/terminology/terminology.tex index a549ea5..0be38ca 100644 --- a/terminology/terminology.tex +++ b/terminology/terminology.tex @@ -62,34 +62,67 @@ \section{Glyph block and collocation} \todo{Image/drawing which shows rows and columns of glyphs} \section{Analysis of an unknown writing system} -In distinguishing distinctive signs and their allographs, prior to linguistic decipherment, +Without linguistic decipherment, one of the first steps to analyze an unknown writing system, is +to distinguish distinctive graphemes and their allographs. researchers followed the assumption that graphemes of a script are considered the same if they resemble each other in more features than either resembles any other. -The convenient way to do this is the segmentation of texts into characters and the subsequent -verification by means of distribution analyzes, which establishes the distribution and -connection among one another and confirms identification. -If there is no linguistic content control (character interpretation), -however, there is the uncertainty that graphemes and -their allographs are not recognized in writing systems rich in variants and erroneously -inventoried as distinctive characters with their own number key. - - -Yuri Knorozov states that, \textcquote[34]{knorozov1967}{Two [signs] are identical when -they are both composed of the same graphic elements\elide, whose drawing and disposition is -sufficiently similar to allow them to be identified.} - - - -Identifying graphemes in an unknown writing system can be challenging. - +\textcquote[34]{knorozov1967}{Two [signs] are identical when they are both composed of the same +graphic elements\elide, whose drawing and disposition is sufficiently similar to allow them to +be identified.} +One way to do this is the segmentation of texts into distinct graphemes. +Further distribution analyzes confirms the connection and identification. + +\subsection{Catalogs} +Thompson (T-numbers) +Macri/Looper +Mayawoerterbuch (classicmayan.org) + +\section{Problems and limitations} + +However, if there is no control in terms linguistics and content, +identifying graphemes in an unknown writing system can be challenging. +Eric Thompson (\cite[12\psq]{thompson1962catalog}) recognized the method as a source of +potential false conclusions. +Especially in writing systems with many allographs like the Maya hieroglyphs, +allographs are not recognized and interpreted as separate graphemes. +Another problem is that some graphemes +PAS example for over-splitting (Tikal Temple IV, Lintel 2 A7) -Eric Thompson (\cite[12\psq]{thompson1962catalog}) also recognized the method as a source of -potential false conclusions. +\begin{figure} + \centering + \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.24\textwidth} + \centering + \includegraphics[height=\glyphblockheight]{img/grapheme-PAS} + \caption{\grapheme{pas} ``dawn''} + \label{fig:terminology-glyphs-pas} + \end{subfigure} + \hfill + \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.24\textwidth} + \centering + \includegraphics[height=\glyphblockheight]{img/grapheme-CHAN} + \caption{\grapheme{chan} ``sky''} + \label{fig:terminology-glyphs-chan} + \end{subfigure} + \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.24\textwidth} + \centering + \includegraphics[height=\glyphblockheight]{img/grapheme-KIN} + \caption{\grapheme{k\glottalstop{}in} ``sun''} + \label{fig:terminology-glyphs-kin} + \end{subfigure} + \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.24\textwidth} + \centering + \includegraphics[height=\glyphblockheight]{img/grapheme-KAB} + \caption{\grapheme{kab} ``earth''} + \label{fig:terminology-glyphs-kab} + \end{subfigure} + \caption{Grapheme \grapheme{pas}. Even though it consists of three other graphemes, + it represents a self-contained grapheme with separate phonetic and meaning.} +\end{figure} -Tikal Temple IV, Lintel 2 A7 +\section{Characteristics in Maya writing} \end{document}