diff --git a/maya/linguistics.sty b/maya/linguistics.sty index fc2511d..fa0d3d4 100755 --- a/maya/linguistics.sty +++ b/maya/linguistics.sty @@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ \newcommand{\syllable}[1]{\textbf{\expandafter\MakeLowercase\expandafter{#1}}} \newcommand{\logogram}[1]{\textbf{\expandafter\MakeUppercase\expandafter{#1}}} +\newcommand{\grapheme}[1]{$\langle\expandafter{#1}\rangle$} \newcommand{\writing}[3]{\textbf{#1}, \emph{#2}, "#3"} \newcommand{\mayan}[1]{\emph{#1}\xspace} \newcommand{\english}[1]{\emph{#1}\xspace} diff --git a/terminology/img/grapheme-u-allographs.pdf b/terminology/img/grapheme-u-allographs.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..17d1c62 Binary files /dev/null and b/terminology/img/grapheme-u-allographs.pdf differ diff --git a/terminology/img/grapheme-u-allographs.svg b/terminology/img/grapheme-u-allographs.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..455bd7c --- /dev/null +++ b/terminology/img/grapheme-u-allographs.svg @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ + + + + diff --git a/terminology/terminology.tex b/terminology/terminology.tex index 09f69ee..8869538 100644 --- a/terminology/terminology.tex +++ b/terminology/terminology.tex @@ -3,6 +3,29 @@ \begin{document} \chapter{Terminology} +\section{Grapheme} +\textcquote[p.204]{crystal2010}{Graphemes are the smallest units in a writing system capable of +causing a contrast in meaning.} +In linguistics, graphemes are often placed into angle brackets, e.g. \grapheme{a} or \grapheme{b}. +Sometimes \emph{graphemes} are called \emph{signs}. +The term \emph{sign} and \emph{grapheme} are considered to be equivalent and +interchangeable throughout this work. + +\section{Allograph} +\textcquote[p.204]{crystal2010}{Graphemes are abstract units which may adopt a variety of forms +\elide Each of these possible forms is known as \emph{graphs}\elide +There is a vast amount of physical variation in the shapes of graphs that does not affect the +underlying identity of the grapheme\elide +When graphs are analyzed as variants of a grapheme, they are known as \emph{allographs}.} +The Maya script uses a lot of allographs. +For example, the syllable \syllable{u} can be written in many ways all having the same meaning. +See \ref{fig:terminology-grapheme-u-allographs} for a selection of allographs. +\begin{center} + \includegraphics[width=\textwidth,keepaspectratio]{img/grapheme-u-allographs} + \captionof{figure}{Some allographs of the grapheme \grapheme{u}} + \label{fig:terminology-grapheme-u-allographs} +\end{center} + Tikal Temple IV, Lintel 2 A7