[#29] Working on phonology

.vscode/ltex.dictionary.en-US.txt

@@ -98,3 +98,9 @@ Absolutive
 Epigraphers
 Preclassic
 Postclassic
+Glottalized
+glottalized
+rearticulated
+VV
+Vh
+aa

references.bib

@@ -151,6 +151,16 @@ @book{bricker1986
   year           = {1986},
 }
 
+@book{instituto1988,
+  title          = {Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala: documento de referencia para la pronunciaci{\'o}n 
+                    de los nuevos alfabetos oficiales},
+  author         = {Instituto Indigenista Nacional (Guatemala)},
+  lccn           = {92219001},
+  year           = {1988},
+  publisher      = {Instituto Indigenista Nacional}
+}
+
+
 @article{daniels1990,
 	author         = {Daniels, Peter T.},
 	title          = {Fundamentals of Grammatology},
@@ -198,10 +208,22 @@ @inbook{ritner1996
   year           = {1996}
 }
 
+@inbook{houstonstuartrobertson1998,
+  author         = {Houston, Stephen and Stuart, David and Robertson John S.},
+  chapter        = {Disharmony in Maya hieroglyphic writing: linguistic change and continuity.},
+  editor         = {Ciudad Ru\'{i}z, Andr\'{e}s and Marqu\'{e}nez, Y. Fern\'{a}ndez and 
+                    Campillo, J. Miguel Garc\'{i}a and Ponce de Le\'{o}n, J. Iglesias and 
+                    Lacadena Garc\'{i}a-Gallo, Alfonso and Sanz Castro, L. T.},
+  pages          = {275-296},
+  publisher      = {Madrid: Sociedad Espa\~{n}ola de Estudios Mayas},
+  title          = {In Anatom\'{i}a de una civilizaci\'{o}n: Aproximaciones interdisciplinarias a la cultura maya},
+  year           = {1998}
+}
+
 @inbook{mendoza2001,
   author         = {Mendoza, Ruben G.},
   chapter        = {Mesoamerican Chronology: Periodization},
-  editor         = {Dav\'id Carrasco},
+  editor         = {Dav\'{i}d Carrasco},
   pages          = {222-226},
   publisher      = {Oxford University Press},
   title          = {The Oxford Encyclopedia of Mesoamerican Culture},

terminology/terminology.tex

@@ -502,77 +502,60 @@ \subsection{Basic structure}
 each sentence, and personal names with titles can be as lengthy as the titles of European monarchs.
 }
     % LTeX: enabled=true
-    The ``crouching jaguar'' binds the stone.
-\end{center}
 
-\subsection{Pronouns}
-There are two sorts of pronouns namely ergative pronouns and absolutive pronouns.
-Ergative pronouns are morphemes prefixed to a word whereas and absolutive pronouns are morphemes 
-suffixed to the word.
-Table \Cref{table:terminology-classic-mayan-pronouns} gives all pronouns in all possible 
-configurations.
-In Classic Mayan the events are usually described in third person without any distinction 
-between masculine and feminine.
-Please note, that for ergative pronominal affixes the pronoun depends on whether the word
-starts with a consonant or a vowel.
-For instance, the third-person pronoun is in Classic Maya \mayan{u} for words with consonants 
-(e.g.\mayan{u tzapaw}), for words with vowels, the pronoun is \mayan{y} (e.g.\mayan{y-ok}).
+\subsection{Phonology}
+In Classic Maya, there are five different vowels and twenty distinct consonants.
+The vowels are: \mayan{a}, \mayan{e}, \mayan{i}, \mayan{o} and \mayan{u}.
+The consonants consist of values with and without glottal stop ('):
+% LTeX: enabled=false
+\mayan{b}, \mayan{ch}, \mayan{ch'}, \mayan{h}, \mayan{j}, 
+\mayan{k}, \mayan{k'}, \mayan{l}, \mayan{m}, \mayan{n}, 
+\mayan{p}, \mayan{p'}, \mayan{s}, \mayan{t}, \mayan{t'},
+\mayan{tz}, \mayan{tz'}, \mayan{w}, \mayan{x}, and \mayan{y}.
+% LTeX: enabled=true
+\Cref{table:terminology-phonemes-vowels} and  \cref{table:terminology-phonemes-consonants} 
+describe the phonetic values as-well as the orthography used throughout this work.
+The writing conventions are based on the orthography proposed by 
+Academia de Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala (\cite{instituto1988}).
 % LTeX: enabled=false
 \begin{table}[!h]
     \centering
-    \begin{tabular}{ccc|c}
+    \begin{tabular}{cc|cc|cc}
+        Notation & IPA           & Notation & IPA            & Notation & IPA \\
         \hline
-               & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{Ergative pronominal affixes} & Absolutive pronominal affixes \\
-        \hline
-        Before & Consonant   & Vowel                           & ---                              \\
-        \hline         
-        1S     & \mayan{in-} & \mayan{ni-}                     & \mayan{-en/-een}                 \\
-        2S     & \mayan{a-}  & \mayan{aw-}                     & \mayan{-at/-et}                  \\
-        3S     & \mayan{u-}  & \mayan{y-}                      & \mayan{-\zeromorpheme}           \\
-        \hline                         
-        1P     & \mayan{ka-} & \mayan{ka-}                     & \mayan{-on/-o’n}                 \\
-        2P     & \mayan{i}   & \mayan{iw-}                     & \mayan{-?/-*ox}                  \\
-        3P     & \mayan{u}   & \mayan{y-}                      & \mayan{-ob/-o’b}                 \\
+        a        & \textipa{[a]} & aa       & \textipa{[a:]} & \"a      & \textipa{[5]}\\
+        e        & \textipa{[e]} & ee       & \textipa{[e:]} & \"e      & \textipa{[E]}\\
+        i        & \textipa{[i]} & ii       & \textipa{[i:]} & \"{\i}   & \textipa{[I]}\\
+        o        & \textipa{[o]} & oo       & \textipa{[o:]} & \"o      & \textipa{[\textlowering{7]}}\\
+        u        & \textipa{[u]} & uu       & \textipa{[u:]} & \"u      & \textipa{[U]}
+    \end{tabular}
+    \caption{Orthography and phonemes for vowels} 
+    \label{table:terminology-phonemes-vowels}
+\end{table}
+% LTeX: enabled=true
+% LTeX: enabled=false
+\begin{table}[!h]
+    \centering
+    \begin{tabular}{cc|cc|cc|cc|cc}
+        Symbol & IPA                & Symbol & IPA                          & Symbol & IPA                           & Symbol & IPA           & Symbol & IPA \\
         \hline
+        b      & \textipa{[b]}      & ch     & \textipa{[\t{\textteshlig}]} & ch'    & \textipa{[\t{\textteshlig}']} & h      & \textipa{[h]} & j      & \textipa{[X]}\\
+        k      & \textipa{[k]}      & k'     & \textipa{[k']}               & l      & \textipa{[l]}                 & m      & \textipa{[m]} & n      & \textipa{[n]}\\
+        p      & \textipa{[p]}      & p'     & \textipa{[p']}               & s      & \textipa{[s]}                 & t      & \textipa{[t]} & t'     & \textipa{[t']}\\
+        tz     & \textipa{[\t{ts}]} & tz'    & \textipa{[\t{ts}']}          & w      & \textipa{[w]}                 & x      & \textipa{[S]} & y      & \textipa{[j]}\\
+        \multicolumn{10}{l}{Glottal stop: ' \textipa{[P]}}
     \end{tabular}
-    \caption{Classic Mayan ergative and absolutive pronominal affixes 
-             (after~\cites[28]{kettunenhelmke2020}[16]{lawstuart2017}) S=Singular, P=Plural} 
-    \label{table:terminology-classic-mayan-pronouns}
+    \caption{Orthography and phonemes for consonants} 
+    \label{table:terminology-phonemes-consonants}
 \end{table}
 % LTeX: enabled=true
 
-\subsection{Verbs}
-
-\subsubsection{Transitive verbs}
-\subsubsection{Positional verbs}
-\subsubsection{Intransitive verbs}
-
-\subsubsection{Active}
-\subsubsection{Passive}
-\subsubsection{Mediopassive}
-\subsubsection{Antipassive}
-
-
-\subsection{Nouns}
-\subsubsection{Underived nouns and derivations}
-\subsubsection{Nouns derived from transitive verbs}
-\subsubsection{Nouns derived from intransitive verbs}
-\subsubsection{Abstractivized nouns}
-\subsection{Adjectives}
-
-\subsection{Prepositions}
-ta, tu, TAN
-
-\subsection{Classifiers}
-
-TE'
-ta
-
-\subsection{Negation}
-
-\subsection{Complex vowels}
-In Maya literature, a \emph{complex voxel} is a vowel \emph{V} in one of the following 
-configurations:
+Vowels are usually abbreviated with \emph{V}, whereas consonants are abbreviated with \emph{C}.
+Long vowels are usually written with a double vowel VV (e.g. \mayan{aa}).
+Aspirated vowels have an affixed \mayan{h} which forms Vh.
+Glottalized vowels are written as V' and rearticulated glottalized vowels as V'V.
+In Maya literature, configurations like VV, Vh, V', V'V are usually called \emph{complex voxels} 
+(\cite[276]{houstonstuartrobertson1998}):
 % LTeX: enabled=false
 \begin{itemize}
     \item VV\@: long vowels