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使用Image Builder编译自动翻墙OpenWrt固件

Image Builder又叫Image Generator，利用它我们可以方便地定制适合自己无线路由器的固件。

编译OpenWrt自定义翻墙固件的注意事项

  • 不要用“root”用户编译
  • 进入到编译系统目录中执行编译相关命令，如：~/Downloads/openwrt
  • 在编译版的路径中不能够出现空格
  • 如果已经用root用户下载并解压了源码，可用命令改属主成普通用户：sudo chown -R user:user ~/Downloads/openwrt

下载适合自己无线路由器的Image Builder

下载命令举例:

cd ~/Downloads
wget http://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/trunk/ar71xx/generic/OpenWrt-ImageBuilder-ar71xx-generic.Linux-x86_64.tar.bz2
tar -xjf  OpenWrt-ImageBuilder-ar71xx-generic.Linux-x86_64.tar.bz2

下载包含默认翻墙配置文件的openwrt-fanqiang项目

本地项目文件夹是： ~/Downloads/openwrt-fanqiang

复制openwrt-fanqiang里面的翻墙配置文件到openwrt-tlwr2543目录下

建立一个配置文件夹，以路由器型号结束，如 ~/Downloads/openwrt-tlwr2543。

cd ~/Downloads
mkdir openwrt-tlwr2543

cd openwrt-fanqiang
cp -R openwrt/default/* ~/Downloads/openwrt-tlwr2543/
cp -R openwrt/tlwr2543/* ~/Downloads/openwrt-tlwr2543/

上面的操作，先复制共用的配置文件 openwrt/default/* 到 openwrt-tlwr2543目录下 然后复制wr2543专用的配置文件(如果存在)到 openwrt/tlwr2543/* 到 openwrt-tlwr2543目录下，如果有同名文件就覆盖。

如果你要贡献本项目，也是先在openwrt-fanqiang/openwrt目录下先建立路由器型号为名称的文件夹，再把专用的配置文件放到此文夹下。注意文件夹和文件名都是小写的。

修改TL-WR2543路由器翻墙配置文件

主要修改以下文件：

openwrt-tlwr2543/etc/shadowsocks.json
openwrt-tlwr2543/usr/bin/shadowsocks-firewall
openwrt-tlwr2543/etc/uci-defaults/defaults

为了方便以后升级，可以写个bash文件自动修改配置文件。

一切操作尽量自动化，你甚至可以自动化一切操作：下载ImageBuilder，下载OpenWrt源码，下载shadowsocks-libev源码，同步openwrt-fanqiang源码，编译ipk，修改翻墙设置，编译翻墙固件，早上一觉醒来，新鲜出炉、美味可口的翻墙固件就已经摆放在桌上了。

下面是一个自动修改配置文件的例子，从中可以知道需要修改哪些地方。从2015年12月起，可能用于自动化修改的默认值都应该标准化，方便自动化操作。

#!/bin/bash

# Author: https://github.com/softwaredownload/openwrt-fanqiang
# Date:   2015-12-24

REPOSITORY=~/Downloads/openwrt-fanqiang
CONFIG=~/Downloads/openwrt-tlwr2543

createdir() {
	rm -rf $CONFIG
	mkdir $CONFIG
}

copy() {
	cp -R $REPOSITORY/openwrt/default/* $CONFIG/
	cp -R $REPOSITORY/openwrt/tlwr2543/* $CONFIG/
}

setmod() {
	chmod +x $CONFIG/usr/bin/shadowsocks-firewall
	chmod +x $CONFIG/etc/uci-defaults
	chmod +x $CONFIG/etc/uci-defaults/*
}

modify() {
	# server ip address
	sed -i 's/1.0.9.8/server_ip/' $CONFIG/etc/shadowsocks.json

	# server_port
	sed -i 's/1098/server_port/' $CONFIG/etc/shadowsocks.json
	
	# local_port
	sed -i 's/7654/7654/' $CONFIG/etc/shadowsocks.json

	# password
	sed -i 's/killgfw/killgfw/' $CONFIG/etc/shadowsocks.json

	# method
	sed -i 's/aes-256-cfb/aes-256-cfb/' $CONFIG/etc/shadowsocks.json


	# server ip addresss
	sed -i 's/1.0.9.8/server_ip/' $CONFIG/usr/bin/shadowsocks-firewall

	# local_port
	sed -i 's/7654/7654/' $CONFIG/usr/bin/shadowsocks-firewall


	# ppoe username
	sed -i 's/wan-username/wan-username/' $CONFIG/etc/uci-defaults/defaults

	# ppoe password
	sed -i 's/wan-password/wan-password/' $CONFIG/etc/uci-defaults/defaults

	# wifi password
	sed -i 's/icanfly9876/icanfly9876/g' $CONFIG/etc/uci-defaults/defaults

	# root password
	sed -i 's/\\nfanqiang/\\nfanqiang/' $CONFIG/etc/uci-defaults/defaults
}
	

if [ "$1" = "createdir" ]; then
	createdir
elif [ "$1" = "copy" ]; then
	copy
elif [ "$1" = "setmod" ]; then
	setmod
elif [ "$1" = "modify" ]; then
	modify
else
    echo "usage: createdir copy setmod modify"
fi

自动修改翻墙配置文件用法：

./config-tlwr2543.sh createdir
./config-tlwr2543.sh copy
./config-tlwr2543.sh setmod
./config-tlwr2543.sh modify

确定OpenWrt无线路由器的PROFILE值

cd OpenWrt-ImageBuilder-ar71xx-generic.Linux-x86_64
make info

找到自己固件的型号，比如我的是 TP-LINK TL-WR2543N/ND,它的PROFILE值是TLWR2543。如下图：

找出默认应该包含进OpenWrt固件的包

对于TP-LINK WR2543无线路由器来说，可以这样获取：

echo $(wget -qO - http://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/trunk/ar71xx/generic/config | sed -ne 's/^CONFIG_PACKAGE_\([a-z0-9-]*\)=y/\1/ip')

由于 OpenWrt开发非常活跃，不同版本的基础包可能是不同的。

2015-12-24的基础包：

base-files busybox dnsmasq dropbear firewall fstools jsonfilter libc libgcc mtd netifd opkg procd swconfig ubox ubus ubusd uci usign kmod-ledtrig-usbdev kmod-lib-crc-ccitt kmod-nls-base kmod-ip6tables kmod-ipt-conntrack kmod-ipt-core kmod-ipt-nat kmod-nf-conntrack kmod-nf-conntrack6 kmod-nf-ipt kmod-nf-ipt6 kmod-nf-nat kmod-ipv6 kmod-ppp kmod-pppoe kmod-pppox kmod-slhc kmod-gpio-button-hotplug kmod-usb-core kmod-usb-ohci kmod-usb2 kmod-ath kmod-ath9k kmod-ath9k-common kmod-cfg80211 kmod-mac80211 libip4tc libip6tc libxtables libblobmsg-json libexpat libiwinfo libjson-c libnl-tiny libubox libubus libuci ip6tables iptables hostapd-common iw odhcp6c odhcpd ppp ppp-mod-pppoe wpad-mini iwinfo jshn libjson-script uboot-envtools

2014-09-01获取的基础包：

base-files busybox dnsmasq dropbear firewall fstools jsonfilter libc libgcc mtd netifd opkg procd swconfig ubox ubus ubusd uci kmod-crypto-aes kmod-crypto-arc4 kmod-crypto-core kmod-ledtrig-usbdev kmod-lib-crc-ccitt kmod-nls-base kmod-ip6tables kmod-ipt-conntrack kmod-ipt-core kmod-ipt-nat kmod-ipt-nathelper kmod-ipv6 kmod-ppp kmod-pppoe kmod-pppox kmod-slhc kmod-gpio-button-hotplug kmod-usb-core kmod-usb-ohci kmod-usb2 kmod-ath kmod-ath9k kmod-ath9k-common kmod-cfg80211 kmod-mac80211 libip4tc libip6tc libxtables libblobmsg-json libiwinfo libjson-c libnl-tiny libubox libubus libuci ip6tables iptables hostapd-common iw odhcp6c odhcpd ppp ppp-mod-pppoe wpad-mini iwinfo jshn libjson-script uboot-envtools

默认包要包含在PACKAGES命令行参数中，并再加上必要的包：

luci-ssl ipset wget shadowsocks-libev iptables-mod-nat-extra bind-dig

如果你的openWrt版本是 ATTITUDE ADJUSTMENT，可能加上iptables-mod-nat-extra包，如果没安装的话iptables的端口转发会不支持。

注意，在编译前要把 shadowsocks-libev 及其他要用到的 .ipk 文件放到ImageBuilder的目录下packages/base/：

# 对于TLWR2543,DIR505A1:
~/Downloads/OpenWrt-ImageBuilder-ar71xx-generic.Linux-x86_64/packages/base/

# 对于WNDR4300:
~/Downloads/OpenWrt-ImageBuilder-ar71xx-nand.Linux-x86_64/packages/base/

OpenWrt Image Builder的三个命令行参数

  • PROFILE 指定设备类型，此处是　TLWR2543
  • PACKAGES 指定要编译进固件的包
  • FILES 指定要编译进固件的自定义文件，如网络有关配置文件, ~/Downloads/openwrt-tlwr2543

开始编译OpenWrt自动翻墙固件

cd ~/Downloads/OpenWrt-ImageBuilder-ar71xx-generic.Linux-x86_64
make image PROFILE=TLWR2543 PACKAGES="base-files busybox dnsmasq dropbear firewall fstools jsonfilter libc libgcc mtd netifd opkg procd swconfig ubox ubus ubusd uci usign kmod-ledtrig-usbdev kmod-lib-crc-ccitt kmod-nls-base kmod-ip6tables kmod-ipt-conntrack kmod-ipt-core kmod-ipt-nat kmod-nf-conntrack kmod-nf-conntrack6 kmod-nf-ipt kmod-nf-ipt6 kmod-nf-nat kmod-ipv6 kmod-ppp kmod-pppoe kmod-pppox kmod-slhc kmod-gpio-button-hotplug kmod-usb-core kmod-usb-ohci kmod-usb2 kmod-ath kmod-ath9k kmod-ath9k-common kmod-cfg80211 kmod-mac80211 libip4tc libip6tc libxtables libblobmsg-json libexpat libiwinfo libjson-c libnl-tiny libubox libubus libuci ip6tables iptables hostapd-common iw odhcp6c odhcpd ppp ppp-mod-pppoe wpad-mini iwinfo jshn libjson-script uboot-envtools ipset wget shadowsocks-libev-polarssl luci-ssl" FILES=~/Downloads/openwrt-tlwr2543

编译好的的固件在ImageBuilder的bin/ar71xx/目录下。

# 对于TLWR2543,DIR505A1:
~/Downloads/OpenWrt-ImageBuilder-ar71xx-generic.Linux-x86_64/bin/ar71xx/

# 对于WNDR4300:
~/Downloads/OpenWrt-ImageBuilder-ar71xx-nand.Linux-x86_64/bin/ar71xx/

升级固件要用到的是 ...sysupgrade.bin，比如　openwrt-ar71xx-generic-tl-wr2543-v1-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin

然后把这个固件刷进TP-LINK WR2543N，重启路由器后后就能免设置智能翻墙。

刷翻墙固件后管理员登录OpenWrt

刷好固件并重启路由器后，电脑连上无线网络 eastking-tlwr2543, 然后就可用密码fanqiang 登录路由器。

  • ssh登录openwrt管理路由器：
    ssh root@192.168.1.1
  • 浏览器打开192.168.1.1登录

以后玩OpenWrt出问题，可以重新刷上这个翻墙固件就又可以在网上畅行无阻了。

参考：