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Introduction.md

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Introduction

Installation

Make sure you have Python 3.9 or above.

git clone https://github.com/PyGamer0/flax
pip install poetry
cd flax
./install
flax

Flags

Here is a list of flags, used while running flax.

Flag Description
g Debug flag.
f Read and run a program from a file.
p Higher precision for floats (specified by the next argument).
P Disable pretty printing as grids.
e encode as sbcs
d decode from sbcs

Terminology

  • Arity: The number of arguments a builtin takes.
  • Niladic: Takes no arguments.
  • Monadic: Takes a single argument, that is the left argument.
  • Dyadic: Takes two arguments, that is the left and right arguments.

Atoms

Atoms are builtins which perform a specific function.

For example: + is a dyadic atom which adds its arguments.

Quicks

Quicks are sort of like Vyxal's modifiers. Quicks pop links from the left during parse time.

For example: ' is the quick which maps a link over its argument.

Links

Links are atoms, or group of atoms processed by quicks.

Chains

Chains are a sequence of links. Chains can be called niladically, monadically or dyadically, depending on the number of arguments a chain was called with. Chains are evaluated from right to left.

Certain rules are followed when chains are processed.

Here are those rules:

$ -> accumulator
w/x -> right / left argument of chain

UNIVERSAL RULES:
monads are applied normally:
FGH -> F(G(H($)))
FHH -> F(H(H($)))

dyads take the right (or left) argument of the chain:
f -> f(w,$)
g -> g(x,$)

nilad-dyads take nilads as the right argument of the dyad
4g -> g(4,$)

dyad-nilads take nilads as the left argument of the dyad
g4 -> g($,4)

unparseable nilads are pusedo-stranded when they are next to dyads, otherwise they trigger a hidden dyad component associated with monads, these are preparsed after the lexer:
0 4 5g -> [0,4,5]g

the ending most nilad becomes the accumulator:
1 -> $ = 1

MONADIC:
monad-dyads modify the left argument
Ff -> f(F(x),$)

DYADIC:
dyad-dyad pairs have the first dyad to be supplied with the arguments, its result gets passed to the left argument of the other dyad
fg -> g(f(w,x),$)

nilad-dyad-dyad triplet, i can't explain so just look:
4gh -> g(4,h(w,$)))

Datatypes

There are 4 datatypes:

  • Lists
  • Scalars
    • Integers
    • Floats
    • Complex numbers
  • Strings
  • Infinite Lists

Syntax

Here are the syntatic sugar included with flax.

Syntax Description Example
" Start / End a string "Hello!"
012456789 A number 12
i Defines a complex number. By default it is 0i1. 2i
. Defines a decimal number. By default it is 0.5 .2
[] Start / End a list [1 2 [3 4]]
_ Next character's value _f
: Next 2 characters' value :()

Chain separators

Chain separators separate chains within the same line.

Chain Separator Description
ø Start a niladic chain.
µ Start a monadic chain.
( Start a monadic chain which maps over its argument.
) Start a monadic chain which filters over its argument.
ð Start a dyadic chain.
ɓ Start a dyadic chain with reversed arguments.